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We consider gravitational time dilation between stationary observers and present examples, which contradict the statement that "time slows down as gravity increases". We show furthermore that this statement cannot be true in general, if…
From the perspective of expectations of randomly stopped sums, Wald's equation and the Optional Sampling Theorem identify situations in which the stopping time can be decoupled from the stopping place, acting as if the two were independent.…
Alternating timed automata on infinite words are considered. The main result is a characterization of acceptance conditions for which the emptiness problem for these automata is decidable. This result implies new decidability results for…
We develop novel empirical Bernstein inequalities for the variance of bounded random variables. Our inequalities hold under constant conditional variance and mean, without further assumptions like independence or identical distribution of…
The quantization of time-reparametrization invariant systems such as general relativity is plagued by an ambiguity relating to the role of time in the theory. If one parametrizes observables by the (unobservable) time, and then relies on…
In this paper, we develop new optional stopping theorems for scenarios where the stopping rules are defined by bounded continuity regions. Moreover, we establish a wide variety of inequalities on the supremums and infimums of functions of…
As with a Bell inequality, Hardy's paradox manifests a contradiction between the prediction given by quantum theory and local-hidden variable theories. In this work, we give two generalizations of Hardy's arguments for manifesting such a…
Randomness (in the sense of being generated in an IID fashion) and exchangeability are standard assumptions in nonparametric statistics and machine learning, and relations between them have been a popular topic of research. This short paper…
The influence of time-dependent perturbations on an autonomous Hamiltonian system with an equilibrium of center type is considered. It is assumed that the perturbations decay at infinity in time and vanish at the equilibrium of the…
In [1], the authors have studied stability of certain causal properties of space-times in general relativity. As a continuation of this work, in the present paper, we review and discuss, some more aspects of stability which occur in various…
We study the averaging method for flows perturbed by a dynamical system preserving an infinite measure. Motivated by the case of perturbation by the collision dynamic on the finite horizon $\mathbb Z$-periodic Lorentz gas and in view of…
In this paper we extend the definition of time conditional G-expectations $\mathbb{\hat{E}}_{t}[\cdot]$ to a larger domain on which the dynamical consistency still holds. In fact we can consistently define, by taking the limit, the time…
This work is devoted to the study of processes generated by random substitutions over a finite alphabet. We prove, under mild conditions on the substitution's rule, the existence of a unique process which remains invariant under the…
It is proposed that the recent controversy over "time-symmetric quantum counterfactuals" (TSQCs), based on the Aharonov-Bergmann-Lebowitz Rule for measurements of pre- and post-selected systems, can be clarified by taking TSQCs to be…
Space-like and time-like invariant space-time intervals are used to analyse measurements of spatial and temporal distances. The former are found to be Lorentz invariant --there is no `relativistic length contraction', whereas the latter…
A field of random space-time events exhibiting complete spatial-temporal randomness appears statistically identical to all observers. Boost invariant lengths naturally emerge when we examine fluctuation scales of this field such as the…
The aim of this paper is to study, in the infinite dimensional framework, the existence and uniqueness for the solution of the following multivalued generalized backward stochastic differential equation, considered on a random, possibly…
How do decisions change with the economic environment and with time? This paper studies general nonstationary stopping problems and provides the methodological tools to answer these questions. First, we identify conditions that ensure a…
We introduce an infinite time horizon Brownian bridge which is determined by a stochastic Langevin equation with time dependent drift coefficient. We show that this process goes to zero almost surely when the time goes to infinity and study…
It is argued by Duff that only the time variation of dimensionless constants of nature is a legitimate subject of enquiry, and that dimensional constants such as c, h-bar and G... are merely human constructs whose value has no operational…