Related papers: Notes on Theory of Quadratic Residues
Legendre published the first attempted proof of the law of Quadratic Reciprocity. But, in its final form (1797), it had a gap. Some 125 years later Herman Teege published the first rigorous proof of the unproven hypothesis which formed that…
A proof of the Quadratic Reciprocity Law is presented using a Lemma of Gauss, the theory of finite fields and the Frobenius automorfism.
The goal of this survey is to introduce all the necessary concepts and theorems to provide a rigorous and self-contained proof of the Law of Quadratic Reciprocity and see how this is a useful tool to obtain results such as the problem of…
Number theory as a coherent mathematical subject started with the work of Fermat in the decade from 1630 to 1640, but modern number theory, that is, the systematic and mathematically rigorous development of the subject from fundamental…
A simple proof of Euler's formula which states that the sum of the reciprocals of all natural numbers squared equals $\pi^2/6$ is presented based on the distribution theory introduced by Laurent Schwartz. Additional identities are obtained…
We announce a very general statement involving the rational quartic residue symbol $(m/p)_4$ and, more generally, Legendre symbols of the type ${a+b\sqrt{m}/p$. We show how our main theorem can be used to produce many older results such as…
We consider a classial case of irrational integrals containing a square root of a quadratic polynomial. It is well known that they can be expressed in terms of elementary functions by one of three Euler's substitutions. It is less known…
Residues to a given modulus have been introduced to mathematics by Carl Friedrich Gauss with the definition of congruence in the `Disquisitiones Arithmeticae'. Their extraordinary properties provide the basis for a change of paradigm in…
In this note we will present how Euler's investigations on various different subjects lead to certain properties of the Legendre polynomials. More precisely, we will show that the generating function and the difference equation for the…
Even though four theorems are actually proved in this paper, two are the main ones,Teorems 1 and 3. In Theorem 1 we show that if a and be are odd squarefree positive integers satisfying certain quadratic residue conditions; then there…
A rational Diophantine m-tuple is a set of m nonzero rationals such that the product of any two of them increased by 1 is a perfect square. The first rational Diophantine quadruple was found by Diophantus, while Euler proved that there are…
We present a creative reimagining of Zolotarev's classical proof of the Law of Quadratic Reciprocity.
In 1991, Rousseau gave a new proof of Gauss's quadratic reciprocity by comparing two distinct coset representations of the group $(\mathbb{Z}_{p}^{*} \times \mathbb{Z}_{q}^{*}) / U$ using the Chinese Remainder Theorem, without Gauss's…
The classic Gauss-Lucas Theorem for complex polynomials of degree $d\ge2$ has a natural reformulation over quaternions, obtained via rotation around the real axis. We prove that such a reformulation is true only for $d=2$. We present a new…
Carl Friedrich Gauss is often given credit for providing the first correct proof of the fundamental theorem of algebra in his 1799 doctoral dissertation. However, Gauss's proof contained a significant gap. In this paper, we give an…
An ultimate universal theory -- a complete theory that accounts, via few and simple first principles, for all the phenomena already observed and that will ever be observed -- has been, and still is, the aspiration of most physicists and…
We re-derive Thales, Pythagoras, Apollonius, Stewart, Heron, al Kashi, de Gua, Terquem, Ptolemy, Brahmagupta and Euler's theorems as well as the inscribed angle theorem, the law of sines, the circumradius, inradius and some angle bisector…
A rational Diophantine m-tuple is a set of m nonzero rationals such that the product of any two of them increased by 1 is a perfect square. The first rational Diophantine quadruple was found by Diophantus, while Euler proved that there are…
In this paper, we investigate a number of $q$-supercongruences on double and triple sums. By means of a lemma devised by El Bachraoui and its generalization, we transform some $q$-supercongruences on double and triple sums into the…
Much has been written on reciprocity laws in number theory and their connections with group representations. In this paper we explore more on these connections. We prove a "reciprocity Law" for certain specific representations of semidirect…