Related papers: Some identities for the Catalan and Fine numbers

Analysis of the dynamics of the Dyck words helped solve the problem of representing the Catalan number as a sum of squares of natural numbers. In this case, the Dyck triangle is considered in different coordinates. In the calculations, we…

We propose a new topological invariant of unlabeled trees of N nodes. The invariant is a set of Nx2 matrices of integers, with sum_j k^{d_{i,j}} and v_i as the matrix elements, where d_{i,j} are the elements of the distance matrix and v_i…

In this work, we consider a class of substitutions on infinite alphabets and show that they exhibit a growth behaviour which is impossible for substitutions on finite alphabets. While for both settings the leading term of the tile counting…

The classical Chung-Feller theorem [2] tells us that the number of Dyck paths of length $n$ with $m$ flaws is the $n$-th Catalan number and independent on $m$. In this paper, we consider the refinements of Dyck paths with flaws by four…

We consider the enumeration of plane trees (rooted ordered trees) whose vertices are colored according to a specific coloring rule that prescribes which possible pairs of colors can occur as the colors of a parent vertex and its child. This…

We study polynomial summation over unit circles over finite fields of odd characteristic, obtaining a purely algebraic integration theory without recourse to infinite procedures. There are nonetheless strong parallels to classical…

We provide a bijection between the set of factorizations, that is, ordered (n-1)-tuples of transpositions in ${\mathcal S}_{n}$ whose product is (12...n), and labelled trees on $n$ vertices. We prove a refinement of a theorem of D\'{e}nes…

We show that the Eulerian-Catalan numbers enumerate Dyck permutations. We provide two proofs for this fact, the first using the geometry of alcoved polytopes and the second a direct combinatorial proof via an Eulerian-Catalan analogue of…

This paper establishes an interesting link between $k$th price auctions and Catalan numbers by showing that for distributions that have linear density, the bid function at any symmetric, increasing equilibrium of a $k$th price auction with…

We extend results regarding a combinatorial model introduced by Black, Drellich, and Tymoczko (2017+) which generalizes the folding of the RNA molecule in biology. Consider a word on alphabet $\{A_1, \overline{A}_1, \ldots, A_m,…

Let $p$ be a prime and let $a$ be a positive integer. In this paper we investigate $\sum_{k=0}^{p^a-1}\binom[(h+1)k,k+d]/m^k$ modulo a prime $p$, where $d$ and $m$ are integers with $-h<d<=p^a$ and $m\not=0 (mod p)$. We also study…

We first observe that the relations of the canonical generating isometries of the Cuntz algebra ${\cal O}_N$ are naturally related to the $N$-colored Catalan numbers. For a directed graph $G$, we generalize the Catalan numbers by using the…

This paper presents a two-phase algorithm for computing exact Catalan numbers at an unprecedented scale. The method is demonstrated by computing $C(n)$ for $n = 2,050,572,903$ yielding a result with a targeted $1,234,567,890$ decimal…

We answer a question of Simental by providing a combinatorial interpretation of a formula which generalizes rational Catalan numbers and which appears in the study of Springer fibers. We provide an interpretation in terms of binary…

This article is motivated by the following satisfiability question: pick uniformly at random an and/or Boolean expression of length n, built on a set of k_n Boolean variables. What is the probability that this expression is satisfiable?…

We find the joint distribution of three simple statistics on lattice paths of n upsteps and n downsteps leading to a triple sum identity for the central binomial coefficient {2n}-choose-{n}. We explain why one of the constituent double sums…

For integers $n, m$ with $n \geq 1$ and $0 \leq m \leq n$, an $(n,m)$-Dyck path is a lattice path in the integer lattice $\mathbb{Z} \times \mathbb{Z}$ using up steps $(0,1)$ and down steps $(1,0)$ that goes from the origin $(0,0)$ to the…

We answer a problem posed recently by Knuth: an n-dimensional box, with edges lying on the positive coordinate axes and generic edge lengths W_1 < W_2 < ... < W_n, is dissected into n! pieces along the planes x_i = x_j. We describe which…

We present an analogue of the differential calculus in which the role of polynomials is played by certain ordered sets and trees. Our combinatorial calculus has all nice features of the usual calculus and has an advantage that the elements…

We find a generating function expressed as a continued fraction that enumerates ordered trees by the number of vertices at different levels. Several Catalan problems are mapped to an ordered-tree problem and their generating functions also…