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Consider the interchange process on a connected graph $G=(V,E)$ on $n$ vertices. I.e.\ shuffle a deck of cards by first placing one card at each vertex of $G$ in a fixed order and then at each tick of the clock, picking an edge uniformly at…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-10-26 Johan Jonasson

Consider the following one player game. A deck containing $m$ copies of $n$ different card types is shuffled uniformly at random. Each round the player tries to guess the next card in the deck, and then the card is revealed and discarded.…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-07-20 Sam Spiro

Establishing cutoff, an abrupt transition from "not mixed" to "well mixed", is a classical topic in the theory of mixing times for Markov chains. Interest has grown recently in determining not only the existence of cutoff and the order of…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-12-11 Evita Nestoridi , Sam Olesker-Taylor

Consider a permutation $\sigma\in S_n$ as a deck of cards numbered from 1 to $n$ and laid out in a row, where $\sigma_j$ denotes the number of the card that is in the $j$-th position from the left.\rm\ We define two cyclic to random…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-04-11 Ross G. Pinsky

The Thorp shuffle is defined as follows. Cut the deck into two equal piles. Drop the first card from the left pile or the right pile according to the outcome of a fair coin flip; then drop from the other pile. Continue this way until both…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Ben Morris

We prove that the well-studied triangulation flip walk on a convex point set mixes in time O(n^3 log^3 n), the first progress since McShine and Tetali's O(n^5 log n) bound in 1997. In the process we give lower and upper bounds of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-05-05 David Eppstein , Daniel Frishberg

By a well-known result of Bayer and Diaconis, the maximum entropy model of the common riffle shuffle implies that the number of riffle shuffles necessary to mix a standard deck of 52 cards is either 7 or 11--with the former number applying…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Mark Conger , D. Viswanath

In this thesis we introduce a new type of card shuffle called the one-sided transposition shuffle. At each step a card is chosen uniformly from the pack and then transposed with another card chosen uniformly from below it. This defines a…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-12-10 Oliver Matheau-Raven

We consider a family of card shuffles of $n$ cards in which the allowed moves involve transpositions corresponding to the Jucys--Murphy elements of the symmetric group $\{S_m\}_{m \leq n}$. We determine the eigenvalues of the corresponding…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-20 Samira Arfaee , Evita Nestoridi

"Small worlds" are large systems in which any given node has only a few connections to other points, but possessing the property that all pairs of points are connected by a short path, typically logarithmic in the number of nodes. The use…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-01-19 Louigi Addario-Berry , Tao Lei

We reconsider a recently published algorithm (Dalkilic et al.) for merging lists by way of the perfect shuffle. The original publication gave only experimental results which, although consistent with linear execution time on the samples…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-08-04 John Ellis , Ulrike Stege

Consider a randomly shuffled deck of $2n$ cards with $n$ red cards and $n$ black cards. We study the average number of moves it takes to go from a randomly shuffled deck to a deck that alternates in color by performing the following move:…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-10-09 Joel Brewster Lewis , Mehr Rai

We show that the order of the $L_{\infty}$-mixing time of simple random walks on a sequence of uniformly bounded degree graphs of size $n$ may increase by an optimal factor of $\Theta( \log \log n)$ as a result of a bounded perturbation of…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-02-27 Jonathan Hermon

Consider a card guessing game with complete feedback in which a deck of $n$ cards ordered $1,\dots, n$ is riffle-shuffled once. With the goal to maximize the number of correct guesses, a player guesses cards from the top of the deck one at…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-07-22 Tipaluck Krityakierne , Thotsaporn Aek Thanatipanonda

Determining the mixing time of Kac's random walk on the sphere $\mathrm{S}^{n-1}$ is a long-standing open problem. We show that the total variation mixing time of Kac's walk on $\mathrm{S}^{n-1}$ is between $\frac{1}{2} \, n \log(n)$ and…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-04-01 Natesh S. Pillai , Aaron Smith

Let a deck of n cards be shuffled by successively exchanging the cards in positions 1, 2, ..., n with cards in randomly chosen positions. We show that for n equal to 18 or greater, the identity permutation is the most likely. We prove a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-06-19 Daniel Goldstein , David Moews

A Gilbert-Shannon-Reeds (GSR) shuffle is performed on a deck of $N$ cards by cutting the top $n\sim Bin(N,1/2)$ cards and interleaving the two resulting piles uniformly at random. The celebrated "Seven shuffles suffice" theorem of…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-10-28 Mark Sellke , Jialu Shi , Jiamin Wang

In the Gilbert-Shannon-Reeds shuffle, a deck of $N$ cards is cut into two approximately equal parts which are then riffled uniformly at random. Bayer and Diaconis famously showed that this Markov chain undergoes cutoff in total variation…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-06-08 Mark Sellke

This paper studies the game of guessing riffle-shuffled cards with complete feedback. A deck of $n$ cards labelled 1 to $n$ is riffle-shuffled once and placed on a table. A player tries to guess the cards from top and is given complete…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-07-20 Pengda Liu

This paper is about the following question: How many riffle shuffles mix a deck of card for games such as blackjack and bridge? An object that comes up in answering this question is the descent polynomial associated with pairs of decks,…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Mark Conger , D. Viswanath