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Does a given system of linear equations with nonnegative constraints have an integer solution? This is a fundamental question in many areas. In statistics this problem arises in data security problems for contingency table data and also is…
The (bitwise) complement $\overline{x}$ of a binary word $x$ is obtained by changing each $0$ in $x$ to $1$ and vice versa. An $\textit{antisquare}$ is a nonempty word of the form $x\, \overline{x}$. In this paper, we study infinite binary…
The example provided in the comment [arXiv:0803.2241] concerns a situation where the system is initially at negative temperature. It is known that in such cases the Law of Entropy Decrease holds. Nevertheless, this does not challenge the…
Reconstructing a density of states or similar distribution from moments or continued fractions is an important problem in calculating the electronic and vibrational structure of defective or non-crystalline solids. For single bands a…
Commutative semirings with divisible additive semigroup are studied. We show that an additively divisible commutative semiring is idempotent, provided that it is finitely generated and torsion. In case that a one-generated additively…
This paper studies a partial-fraction expansion for lossless negative imaginary systems and presents a generalized lossless negative imaginary lemma by allowing poles at zero. First, a necessary and sufficient condition for a system to be…
We analyze the main arguments that attempt to explain why there is no point in changing the envelope. Most people confuse estimation and calculation, conditional and unconditional probabilities, random and non-random variables, modelling…
The notion of clean rings and 2-good rings have many variations, and have been widely studied. We provide a few results about two new variations of these concepts and discuss the theory that ties these variations to objects and properties…
It is shown that a trace invariant projection map, i.e. a positive unital idempotent map, of a finite dimensional C*-algebra into itself is non-decomposable if and only if it is atomic, or equivalently not the sum of a 2-positive and a…
Inspired by the commutator and anticommutator algebras derived from algebras graded by groups, we introduce noncommutatively graded algebras. We generalize various classical graded results to the noncommutatively graded situation concerning…
We present two families of numerical semigroups and show that for each family, the number of required components in an irreducible decomposition cannot be bounded by any given integer. This gives a negative answer to a question raised by…
A new mechanism for symmetry breaking is proposed which naturally avoids the constraints following from the usual theorems of symmetry breaking. In the context of super-symmetry, for example, the breaking may be consistent with a vanishing…
We prove that for any sequence of binary alphabets $\mathcal{A}_1,\mathcal{A}_2,\dots$, there exists a cube-free word $c_1c_2\dots$ so that $c_1\in\mathcal{A}_1,c_2\in\mathcal{A}_2,\dots$. In particular, for every $n$, there are at least…
We show that in a tracial and finitely generated $W^\ast$-probability space existence of conjugate variables excludes algebraic relations for the generators. Moreover, under the assumption of maximal non-microstates free entropy dimension,…
Generic partial supersymmetry breaking of N=2 supergravity with zero vacuum energy and with surviving unbroken arbitrary gauge groups is exhibited. Specific examples are given.
We consider point sets in $\mathbb{Z}_n^2$ where no three points are on a line - also called caps or arcs. For the determination of caps with maximum cardinality and complete caps with minimum cardinality we provide integer linear…
We study the number of atoms and maximal ideals in an atomic domain with finitely many atoms and no prime elements. We show in particular that for all $m,n \in \mathbb{Z}^+$ with $n \geq 3$ and $4 \leq m \leq \frac{n}{3}$ there is an atomic…
We establish the undecidability of conditional affine information inequalities, the undecidability of the conditional independence implication problem with a constraint that one random variable is binary, and the undecidability of the…
This paper investigates two classes of quasilinear and essentially nonlinear integral equations with a sum-difference kernel on the half-line. Such equations arise in various areas of physics, including the theory of radiative transfer in…
We derive sufficient conditions for infinite-dimensional systems whose entanglement is not completely lost in a finite time during its decoherence by a passive interaction with local vacuum environments. The sufficient conditions allow us…