Related papers: Why There Are No Gaps In The Support Of Non-Negati…

A set of objects is to be divided fairly among agents with different tastes, modeled by additive utility-functions. If we consider the objects as indivisible, many instances of the decision problem: ``Is there a fair division of the objects…

In algebraic number theory, the finiteness of the Picard group of an order in a number field is generally proved via a lattice argument: the order forms a lattice and every ideal class contains an integral ideal with a small enough non-zero…

An underdetermined generalized absolute value equation (GAVE) may have no solution, one solution, finitely many or infinitely many solutions. This paper is concerned with sufficient conditions that guarantee the existence of solutions to an…

Quantum physics, despite its observables being intrinsically of a probabilistic nature, does not have a quantum entropy assigned to them. We propose a quantum entropy that quantify the randomness of a pure quantum state via a conjugate pair…

Let $A$ be a finite, nonempty subset of an abelian group. We show that if every element of $A$ is a sum of two other elements, then $A$ has a nonempty zero-sum subset. That is, a (finite, nonempty) sum-full subset of an abelian group is not…

We address the problem of unambiguous discrimination among a given set of quantum operations. The necessary and sufficient condition for them to be unambiguously distinguishable is derived in the cases of single use and multiple uses…

We show that the state-independent violation of inequalities for noncontextual hidden variable theories introduced in [Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 210401 (2008)] is universal, i.e., occurs for any quantum mechanical system in which…

We establish a family of inequalities that hold true on any $6$ points in any $\mathrm{CAT}(0)$ space. We prove that the validity of these inequalities does not follow from any properties of $5$-point subsets of $\mathrm{CAT}(0)$ spaces. In…

In this paper, we establish a strong link between the ambiguity for finite words of a B\"uchi automaton and the ambiguity for infinite words of the same automaton. This link is based on measure theory. More precisely, we show that such an…

The required absence of global symmetries in quantum gravity has been used to imply that all non-compact gauge theories are in the swampland. This argument stems from the idea that non-compact gauge symmetries always seem to be accompanied…

It is a fundamental consequence of the superposition principle for quantum states that there must exist non-orthogonal states, that is states that, although different, have a non-zero overlap. This finite overlap means that there is no way…

We show that, for every set of $n$ points in the $d$-dimensional unit cube, there is an empty axis-parallel box of volume at least $\Omega(d/n)$ as $n\to\infty$ and $d$ is fixed. In the opposite direction, we give a construction without an…

Unsufficiency of conditions for the formation of interference in monoparticle "which path" experiments is proven. The version of corpuscular interpretation of diffraction pattern based on the action discreteness is presented, which makes…

We prove the existence of primitive sets (sets of integers in which no element divides another) in which the gap between any two consecutive terms is substantially smaller than the best known upper bound for the gaps in the sequence of…

The adiabatic theorem refers to a setup where an evolution equation contains a time-dependent parameter whose change is very slow, measured by a vanishing parameter $\epsilon$. Under suitable assumptions the solution of the…

Let $p_n$ denote the $n$th prime and $g_n:=p_{n+1}-p_n$ the $n$th prime gap. We demonstrate the existence of infinitely many values of $n$ for which $g_n>g_{n+1}>\cdots>g_{n+m}$ with $m\gg \log\log\log n$ and similarly for the reversed…

We obtain a modified version of Coulomb's law in two- and three-dimensional closed spaces. We demonstrate that in a closed space the total electric charge must be zero. We also discuss the relation between total charge neutrality of a…

The linear superposition principle in quantum mechanics is essential for several no-go theorems such as the no-cloning theorem, the no-deleting theorem and the no-superposing theorem. It remains an open problem of finding general forbidden…

We study the so-called atomic GNS, which naturally extends the concept of atomic numerical semigroup. We introduce the notion of corner special gap and we characterize the class of atomic GNS in terms of the cardinality of the set of corner…

We define an easily verifiable notion of an atomic formula having uniformly bounded arrays in a structure $M$. We prove that if $T$ is a complete $L$-theory, then $T$ is mutually algebraic if and only if there is some model $M$ of $T$ for…