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Formal languages are sets of strings of symbols described by a set of rules specific to them. In this note, we discuss a certain class of formal languages, called regular languages, and put forward some elementary results. The properties of…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2020-05-22 Aalok Thakkar

Higher order set theory has been a topic of interest for some time, with recent efforts focused on the strength of second order set theories [KW16]. In this paper we strive to present one 'theory of collections' that allows for a formal…

Logic · Mathematics 2022-06-24 Alec Rhea

It is shown that the universal theory of the free pseudocomplemented distributive lattice is decidable and a recursive axiomatization is presented. This contrasts with the case of the full elementary theory of the finitely generated free…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-07-15 Luca Carai , Tommaso Moraschini

We consider families F of sequences converging to +infinity that F satisfies the following condition (C): (C): if an open set U in the real line is unbounded above then there exists a sequence belonging to F, which has an infinite number of…

Logic · Mathematics 2016-09-06 Apoloniusz Tyszka

The superposition principle lies at the heart of many non-classical properties of quantum mechanics. Motivated by this, we introduce a rigorous resource theory framework for the quantification of superposition of a finite number of linear…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-12-19 T. Theurer , N. Killoran , D. Egloff , M. B. Plenio

In the proposed matrix primes, through which one can readily generate a sequence of primes. The paper also proposes a number of theorems proved by which an infinite number of prime numbers twins

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2016-09-16 S. N. Baibekov , A. A. Durmagambetov

We present distributions of countable models and correspondent structural characteristics of complete theories with continuum many types: for prime models over finite sets relative to Rudin-Keisler preorders, for limit models over types and…

Logic · Mathematics 2012-10-16 Roman A. Popkov , Sergey V. Sudoplatov

We consider a set-theoretic version of mereology based on the inclusion relation $\subseteq$ and analyze how well it might serve as a foundation of mathematics. After establishing the non-definability of $\in$ from $\subseteq$, we identify…

Logic · Mathematics 2016-04-27 Joel David Hamkins , Makoto Kikuchi

We introduce a set of eight universal Rules of Inference by which computer programs with known properties (axioms) are transformed into new programs with known properties (theorems). Axioms are presented to formalize a segment of Number…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Charlie Volkstorf

A graph $G$ is defined encapsulating the number theoretic notion of the Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic. We then provide a graph theoretic approach to the fundamental results on the coprimality of two natural numbers, through the use of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-11-20 Xandru Mifsud

The consistency formula for set theory can be stated in terms of the free-variables theory of primitive recursive maps. Free-variable p. r. predicates are decidable by set theory, main result here, built on recursive evaluation of p. r. map…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2014-05-16 Michael Pfender

Separation systems are posets with additional structure that form an abstract setting in which tangle-like clusters in graphs, matroids and other combinatorial structures can be expressed and studied. This paper offers some basic theory…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-05-16 Reinhard Diestel , Jay Lilian Kneip

We show, assuming PD, that every complete finitely axiomatized second order theory with a countable model is categorical, but that there is, assuming again PD, a complete recursively axiomatized second order theory with a countable model…

Logic · Mathematics 2024-05-07 Tapio Saarinen , Jouko Väänänen , William Hugh Woodin

An alternative mathematics based on qualitative plurality of finiteness is developed to make non-standard mathematics independent of infinite set theory. The vague concept "accessibility" is used coherently within finite set theory whose…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2012-06-14 Toru Tsujishita

Sequences diverge either because they head off to infinity or because they oscillate. Part 1 constructs a non-Archimedean framework of infinite numbers that is large enough to contain asymptotic limit points for non-oscillating sequences…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2011-08-26 David Alan Paterson

Treating divergent series properly has been an ongoing issue in mathematics. However, many of the problems in divergent series stem from the fact that divergent series were discovered prior to having a number system which could handle them.…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2020-01-23 Jonathan Bartlett , Logan Gaastra , David Nemati

Although expected utility theory has proven a fruitful and elegant theory in the finite realm, attempts to generalize it to infinite values have resulted in many paradoxes. In this paper, we argue that the use of John Conway's surreal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Eddy Keming Chen , Daniel Rubio

The article proposes a new technique for proving the undefinability of logical connectives through each other and illustrates the technique with several examples. Some of the obtained results are new proofs of the existing theorems, others…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Sophia Knight , Pavel Naumov , Qi Shi , Vigasan Suntharraj

We discuss the connections between the failure of the axiom of choice in set theory, and certain model-theoretic structures with enough symmetry.

Logic · Mathematics 2019-09-02 J K Truss

Logic languages based on the theory of rational, possibly infinite, trees have much appeal in that rational trees allow for faster unification (due to the safe omission of the occurs-check) and increased expressivity (cyclic terms can…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Roberto Bagnara , Roberta Gori , Patricia M. Hill , Enea Zaffanella