Related papers: Knot theory in handlebodies

Let $B_n$ denote the classical braid group on $n$ strands and let the {\em mixed braid group} $B_{m,n}$ be the subgroup of $B_{m+n}$ comprising braids for which the first $m$ strands form the identity braid. Let…

In this paper we first give a one-move version of Markov's braid theorem for knot isotopy in $S^3$ that sharpens the classical theorem. Then a relative version of Markov's theorem concerning a fixed braided portion in the knot. We also…

In this survey paper we present the $L$--moves between braids and how they can adapt and serve for establishing and proving braid equivalence theorems for various diagrammatic settings, such as for classical knots, for knots in knot…

In classical knot theory, Markov's theorem gives a way of describing all braids with isotopic closures as links in $\mathbb{R}^3$. We present a version of Markov's theorem for extended loop braids with closure in $B^3 \times S^1$, as a…

Given a knot or link in the handlebody, $H_g$, of genus $g$ we prove that it can always be represented as the plat closure of a braid in $H_g$. We further establish the Hilden braid group for the handlebody, as a subgroup of the mixed braid…

The notion of Vassiliev algebra in case of hanlebodies is developed. The analogues of the results of John Baez for links in handlebodies are proved. That means that there exists a one-to-one correspondence between the special class of…

It is shown that two braids represent transversally isotopic links if and only if one can pass from one braid to another by conjugations in braid groups, positive Markov moves, and their inverses.

A special class of braids, called woven, is introduced and it is shown that every conjugation class of the braid group contains woven braids. In consequence, links can be presented as plats or closures of woven braids. Restricting on knots,…

In this paper we prove a Markov Theorem for virtual braids and for some analogs of this structure. The virtual braid group is the natural companion in the category of virtual knots, just as the Artin braid group is the natural companion to…

Alexander's and Markov's theorems state that any link type in $R^3$ is represented by a closed braid and that such representations are related by some elementary operations called Markov moves. We generalize the notion of a braid to that in…

Braidoids generalize the classical braids and form a counterpart theory to the theory of planar knotoids, just as the theory of braids does for the theory of knots. In this paper, we introduce basic notions of braidoids, a closure operation…

The Alexander theorem (1923) and the Markov theorem (1936) are two classical results in knot theory that show respectively that every link is the closure of a braid and that braids that have the same closure are related by a finite number…

We prove a Markov theorem for tame links in a connected closed orientable 3-manifold $M$ with respect to a plat-like representation. More precisely, given a genus $g$ Heegaard surface $\Sigma_g$ for $M$ we represent each link in $M$ as the…

We give a new proof of Markov's classical theorem relating any two closed braid representations of the same knot or link. The proof is based upon ideas in a forthcoming paper by the authors, "Stabilization in the braid groups". The new…

A transverse knot is a knot that is transverse to the planes of the standard contact structure on real 3-space. In this paper we prove the Markov Theorem for transverse braids, which states that two transverse closed braids that are…

We show that a transverse link in a contact structure supported by an open book decomposition can be transversely braided. We also generalize Markov's theorem on when the closures of two braids represent (transversely) isotopic links.

Bonded knots arise naturally in topological protein modeling, where intramolecular interactions such as disulfide bridges stabilize folded configurations. These structures extend classical knot theory by incorporating embedded graphs, and…

We introduce framed versions of the $L$-moves and prove a one move theorem for the extension of the Markov theorem for framed braids. We further introduce framed versions of the Hilden and Pure Hilden groups, we give presentations and we…

In the present paper we give a new method for converting virtual knots and links to virtual braids. Indeed the braiding method given in this paper is quite general, and applies to all the categories in which braiding can be accomplished. We…

The L-move for classical braids extends naturally to trivalent braids. We follow the L-move approach to the Markov Theorem, to prove a one-move Markov-type theorem for trivalent braids. We also reformulate this L-Move Markov theorem and…