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We describe an algorithm that takes as input an open book decomposition of a closed oriented 4-manifold and outputs an explicit trisection diagram of that 4-manifold. Moreover, a slight variation of this algorithm also works for open books…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2026-02-10 Marc Kegel , Felix Schmäschke

We determine the $2$-color Ramsey number of a {\em connected} triangle matching $c(nK_3)$ which is any connected graph containing $n$ vertex disjoint triangles. We obtain that $R(c(nK_3),c(nK_3))=7n-2$, somewhat larger than in the classical…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-09-21 Andras Gyarfas , Gabor N. Sarkozy

Chen et al. (2004) strongly conjectured that R(Tn,Wm)=2n-1 if the maximum degree of Tn is small and m is even. Related to the conjecture, it is interesting to know for which tree Tn, we have R(Tn,Wm) > 2n-1 for even m. In this paper, we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-12-13 Yusuf Hafidh , Edy Tri Baskoro

The size-Ramsey number of a graph $F$ is the smallest number of edges in a graph $G$ with the Ramsey property for $F$, that is, with the property that any 2-colouring of the edges of $G$ contains a monochromatic copy of $F$. We prove that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-22 Dennis Clemens , Meysam Miralaei , Damian Reding , Mathias Schacht , Anusch Taraz

In this work, we give several new upper and lower bounds on Ramsey numbers for books and wheels, including a tight upper bound establishing $R(W_5, W_7) = 15$, matching upper and lower bounds giving $R(W_5, W_9) = 18$, $R(B_2, B_8) = 21$,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-17 Bernard Lidický , Gwen McKinley , Florian Pfender , Steven Van Overberghe

In this paper we study Tur\'an and Ramsey numbers in linear triple systems, defined as $3$-uniform hypergraphs in which any two triples intersect in at most one vertex. A famous result of Ruzsa and Szemer\'edi is that for any fixed $c>0$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-11-30 Andras Gyarfas , Gabor N. Sarkozy

We find the exact value of the Ramsey number $R(C_{2\ell},K_{1,n})$, when $\ell$ and $n=O(\ell^{10/9})$ are large. Our result is closely related to the behaviour of Tur\'an number $ex(N, C_{2\ell})$ for an even cycle whose length grows…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-10-21 Peter Allen , Tomasz Łuczak , Joanna Polcyn , Yanbo Zhang

The book graph $B_n^{(k)}$ consists of $n$ copies of $K_{k+1}$ joined along a common $K_k$. In the prequel to this paper, we studied the diagonal Ramsey number $r(B_n^{(k)}, B_n^{(k)})$. Here we consider the natural off-diagonal variant…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-11-24 David Conlon , Jacob Fox , Yuval Wigderson

We show that there exists a constant $c>0$ such that every $n$-vertex tree $T$ with $\Delta(T)\le cn$ has Ramsey number $R(T)=\max\{t_1+2t_2,2t_1\}-1$, where $t_1\ge t_2$ are the sizes of the bipartition classes of $T$. This improves an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-10 Richard Montgomery , Matías Pavez-Signé , Jun Yan

Assume that $K_{j\times n}$ be a complete, multipartite graph consisting of $j$ partite sets and $n$ vertices in each partite set. For given graphs $G_1, G_2,\ldots, G_n$, the multipartite Ramsey number (M-R-number) $m_j(G_1, G_2,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-09-28 Yaser Rowshan

In this paper we define new numbers called the Neo-Ramsay numbers. We show that these numbers are in fact equal to the Ramsay numbers. Neo-Ramsey numbers are easy to compute and for finding them it is not necessary to check all possible…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Dhananjay P. Mehendale

We show that there exists an absolute constant $A$ such that the size Ramsey number of a pair of cycles $(C_n$, $C_{2d})$, where $4\le 2d\le n$, is bounded from above by $An$. We also study the restricted size Ramsey number for such a pair.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-09-01 Małgorzata Bednarska-Bzdęga , Tomasz Łuczak

A graph is $H$-Ramsey if every two-coloring of its edges contains a monochromatic copy of $H$. Define the $F$-Ramsey number of $H$, denoted by $r_F(H)$, to be the minimum number of copies of $F$ in a graph which is $H$-Ramsey. This…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-13 Jacob Fox , Jonathan Tidor , Shengtong Zhang

It is shown that the number of pages required for a book embedding of a graph is the maximum of the numbers needed for any of the maximal nonseparable subgraphs and that a plane graph in which every triangle bounds a face has a two-page…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-10-05 Paul C. Kainen , Shannon Overbay

For simple graphs $G$ and $H$, their size Ramsey number $\hat{r}(G,H)$ is the smallest possible size of $F$ such that for any red-blue coloring of its edges, $F$ contains either a red $G$ or a blue $H$. Similarly, we can define the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-03-31 Valentino Vito , Denny Riama Silaban

The Ramsey number r(K_3,Q_n) is the smallest integer N such that every red-blue colouring of the edges of the complete graph K_N contains either a red n-dimensional hypercube, or a blue triangle. Almost thirty years ago, Burr and Erd\H{o}s…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-02-18 Gonzalo Fiz Pontiveros , Simon Griffiths , Robert Morris , David Saxton , Jozef Skokan

A {\em tree cover} of a metric space $(X,d)$ is a collection of trees, so that every pair $x,y\in X$ has a low distortion path in one of the trees. If it has the stronger property that every point $x\in X$ has a single tree with low…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-05-21 Yair Bartal , Nova Fandina , Ofer Neiman

Let $n\geq\nu$, let $T$ be an $n$-vertex tree with bipartition class sizes $t_1\geq t_2$, and let $S$ be a $\nu$-vertex tree with bipartition class sizes $\tau_1\geq\tau_2$. Using four natural constructions, we show that the Ramsey number…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-20 Jun Yan

For positive integers $n, m$, the double star $S(n,m)$ is the graph consisting of the disjoint union of two stars $K_{1,n}$ and $K_{1,m}$ together with an edge joining their centers. Finding monochromatic copies of double stars in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-03-29 Gregory DeCamillis , Zi-Xia Song

The size-Ramsey number of a graph $G$ is the minimum number of edges in a graph $H$ such that every 2-edge-coloring of $H$ yields a monochromatic copy of $G$. Size-Ramsey numbers of graphs have been studied for almost 40 years with…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-03-24 Andrzej Dudek , Steven La Fleur , Dhruv Mubayi , Vojtech Rodl