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This paper establishes the necessary and sufficient conditions for the reality of all the zeros in a polynomial sequence $\{P_i\}_{i=1}^{\infty}$ generated by a three-term recurrence relation $P_i(x)+ Q_1(x)P_{i-1}(x) +Q_2(x) P_{i-2}(x)=0$…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2019-09-27 Innocent Ndikubwayo

We provide a sufficient condition for the sum of a finite number of complemented subspaces of a Banach space to be complemented. Under this condition a formula for a projection onto the sum is given. We also show that the condition is sharp…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2018-07-23 Ivan Feshchenko

The necessary conditions (NC) that reconcile canonical probability distributions obtained from the q-maximum entropy principle, subjected to both i) the additive duality of generalized statistics and ii) normal averages expectations with…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2013-03-21 R. C. Venkatesan , A. Plastino

Let $\{q_n\}_{n=0}^\infty\subset [0,1]$ satisfy $q_0=0$, $\sum_{n=0}^\infty q_n=1$, and $\gcd\{n\geq 1\mid q_n\neq 0\}=1$. We consider the following process: Let $x$ be a real number. We first set $x=0$. Then $x$ is increased by $i$ with…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-03-29 Toshihiro Koga

We give necessary and sufficient conditions for differentiating under the integral sign an integral that depends on a parameter. The conditions require the equality of two iterated integrals and depend on being able to integrate every…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Erik Talvila

Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a composite-system statistical operator, and, separately, for the possibility of its being correlated or uncorrelated, are derived in terms of its range dimension and the range…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 F. Herbut

We give necessary and sufficient conditions for an operator on a separable Hilbert space to satisfy the hypercyclicity criterion.

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2007-05-23 B Yousefi , H Rezaei

Given a group G and positive integers k,n, we let B_n=B_n(G) denote the set of all elements x in G such that |x^G|\leq n, and we say that G satisfies the (k,n)-covering condition for commutators if there is a subset S in G such that |S|\leq…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2025-01-03 Eloisa Detomi , Marta Morigi , Pavel Shumyatsky

We associate with any simplicial complex $\K$ and any integer $m$ a system of linear equations and inequalities. If $\K$ has a simplicial embedding in $\R^m$ then the system has an integer solution. This result extends the work of I. Novik…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2007-06-21 Dagmar Timmreck

We give necessary and sufficient conditions for a pair of (generalized) functions $\rho_1(\mathbf{r}_1)$ and $\rho_2(\mathbf{r}_1,\mathbf{r}_2)$, $\mathbf{r}_i\in X$, to be the density and pair correlations of some point process in a…

Probability · Mathematics 2011-08-23 Tobias Kuna , Joel L. Lebowitz , Eugene R. Speer

A definition of summability is put forward in the framework of general Carleman ultraholomorphic classes in sectors, so generalizing $k-$summability theory as developed by J.-P. Ramis. Departing from a strongly regular sequence of positive…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2014-02-10 Alberto Lastra , Stephane Malek , Javier Sanz

A class of generalized definitions of expectation value is often employed in nonequilibrium statistical mechanics for complex systems. Here, the necessary and sufficient condition is presented for such a class to be stable under small…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2011-09-21 Aziz El Kaabouchi , Sumiyoshi Abe

Two types of explanations have been receiving increased attention in the literature when analyzing the decisions made by classifiers. The first type explains why a decision was made and is known as a sufficient reason for the decision, also…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Chunxi Ji , Adnan Darwiche

Since the 1970s there has been a rich theory of equilibrium states over shift spaces associated to H\"older-continuous real-valued potentials. The construction of equilibrium states associated to matrix-valued potentials is much more…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2016-12-07 Ian D. Morris

We introduce and study the problem of finding necessary and sufficient conditions under which a conformal blocks divisor on $\bar{M}_{0,n}$ is nonzero. We give necessary conditions in type A, which are sufficient when theta and critical…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2014-10-23 Prakash Belkale , Angela Gibney , Swarnava Mukhopadhyay

For a fixed integer $k \ge 0$, consider representations of positive integers as sums of binomial coefficients of the form $\binom{n}{k}$. While exact minimal bounds for the number of required summands are known only in a few low-dimensional…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-29 Alexander Povolotsky

Suppose we are given the conditional probability of one variable given some other variables.Normally the full joint distribution over the conditioning variablesis required to determine the probability of the conditioned variable.Under what…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-01-14 Avi Pfeffer

We prove a necessary and sufficient condition for a symmetric association scheme to be a Q-polynomial scheme.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-06-14 Hirotake Kurihara , Hiroshi Nozaki

In this article, we establish necessary and sufficient viability conditions for continuity inclusions over the 1-Wasserstein space. Depending on the regularity properties of the dynamics, we derive two results which are based on fairly…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-11-26 Benoît Bonnet-Weill , Alberto Domínguez Corella , Hélène Frankowska

We discuss the entropic criterion for separability of compound quantum systems for general non-additive entropic forms based on arbitrary concave functions $f$. For any separable state, the generalized entropy of the whole system is shown…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-20 R. Rossignoli , N. Canosa