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Related papers: The Number of Nowhere-Zero Flows on Graphs and Sig…

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Let G=(V,E) be a simple undirected graph. For a given set L of the real line, a function omega from E to L is called an L-flow. Given a vector gamma whose coordinates are indexed by V, we say that omega is a gamma-L-flow if for each v in V,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-03-25 S. Akbari , S. Friedland , K. Markström , S. Zare

Two well-known results in the world of nowhere-zero flows are Jaeger's 4-flow theorem asserting that every 4-edge-connected graph has a nowhere-zero $\mathbb{Z}_2 \times \mathbb{Z}_2$-flow and Seymour's 6-flow theorem asserting that every…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-05-21 Matt DeVos , Rikke Langhede , Bojan Mohar , Robert Šámal

In 1983, A. Bouchet extended W.T. Tutte's notion of nowhere-zero flows to signed graphs, and conjectured that every flow-admissible signed graph has a nowhere-zero 6-flow. In this paper we prove that every flow-admissible signed graph that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-23 Matt DeVos , Kathryn Nurse , Robert Šámal

In 1983, Bouchet proved that every bidirected graph with a nowhere-zero integer-flow has a nowhere-zero 216-flow, and conjectured that 216 could be replaced with 6. This paper shows that for cyclically 5-edge-connected bidirected graphs…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-09-06 Matt DeVos , Kathryn Nurse , Robert Sámal

We study the flow spectrum ${\cal S}(G)$ and the integer flow spectrum $\overline{{\cal S}}(G)$ of signed $(2t+1)$-regular graphs. We show that if $r \in {\cal S}(G)$, then $r = 2+\frac{1}{t}$ or $r \geq 2 + \frac{2}{2t-1}$. Furthermore, $2…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-09-22 Michael Schubert , Eckhard Steffen

Let $\Gamma$ be a multigraph with for each vertex a cyclic order of the edges incident with it. For $n \geq 3$, let $D_{2n}$ be the dihedral group of order $2n$. Define $\mathbb{D} := \{(\begin{smallmatrix} 1 & a \\ 0 & 1 \end{smallmatrix})…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-12-04 Bart Litjens

In 1983, Bouchet conjectured that every flow-admissible signed graph admits a nowhere-zero 6-flow. We verify this conjecture for the class of flow-admissible signed graphs possessing a spanning even Eulerian subgraph, which includes as a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-10 Chao Wen , Qiang Sun , Chao Zhang

Given a graph $G$, the number of nowhere-zero $\ZZ_q$-flows $\phi_G(q)$ is known to be a polynomial in $q$. We extend the definition of nowhere-zero $\ZZ_q$-flows to simplicial complexes $\Delta$ of dimension greater than one, and prove the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-10-07 Matthias Beck , Yvonne Kemper

Tutte's 5-Flow Conjecture from 1954 states that every bridgeless graph has a nowhere-zero 5-flow. In 2004, Kochol proved that the conjecture is equivalent to its restriction on cyclically 6-edge connected cubic graphs. We prove that every…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-12-18 Giuseppe Mazzuoccolo , Eckhard Steffen

The nullity of a graph is the multiplicity of the eigenvalues zero in its spectrum. A signed graph is a graph with a sign attached to each of its edges. In this paper, we obtain the coefficient theorem of the characteristic polynomial of a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-11-25 Yu Liu , Lhua You

We prove that, in several settings, a graph has exponentially many nowhere-zero flows. These results may be seen as a counting alternative to the well-known proofs of existence of $Z_3$-, $Z_4$-, and $Z_6$-flows. In the dual setting,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-04-09 Zdeněk Dvořák , Bojan Mohar , Robert Šámal

A circular nowhere-zero $r$-flow on a bridgeless graph $G$ is an orientation of the edges and an assignment of real values from $[1, r-1]$ to the edges in such a way that the sum of incoming values equals the sum of outgoing values for…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-09-08 Robert Lukoťka

Given a $t$-$(v, k, \lambda)$ design, $\mathcal{D}=(X,\mathcal{B})$, a zero-sum $n$-flow of $\mathcal{D}$ is a map $f : \mathcal{B}\longrightarrow \{\pm1,\ldots, \pm(n-1)\}$ such that for any point $x\in X$, the sum of $f$ over all blocks…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-01-05 Saieed Akbari , Hamid Reza Maimani , Leila Parsaei Majd , Ian M. Wanless

Bouchet conjectured in 1983 that every flow-admissible signed graph admits a nowhere-zero 6-flow which is equivalent to the restriction to cubic signed graphs. In this paper, we proved that every flow-admissible $3$-edge-colorable cubic…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-11-04 Liangchen Li , Chong Li , Rong Luo , C. -Q Zhang , Hailing Zhang

A rich $k$-flow is a nowhere-zero $k$-flow $\phi$ such that, for every pair of adjacent edges $e$ and $f$, $|\phi(e)| \neq |\phi(f)|$. A graph is rich flow admissible if it admits a rich $k$-flow for some integer $k$. In this paper, we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-23 Robert Lukoťka

Tutte's 3-flow conjecture asserts that every 4-edge-connected graph has a nowhere-zero 3-flow. In this note we prove that every regular graph of valency at least four admitting a solvable arc-transitive group of automorphisms admits a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-05-27 Xiangwen Li , Sanming Zhou

Tutte's $3$-flow conjecture states that every $4$-edge-connected graph admits a nowhere-zero $3$-flow. In this paper, we characterize all graphs with independence number at most $4$ that admit a nowhere-zero $3$-flow. The characterization…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-07-24 Jiaao Li , Rong Luo , Yi Wang

A set $R\subseteq E(G)$ of a graph $G$ is $k$-removable if $G-R$ has a nowhere-zero $k$-flow. We prove that every graph $G$ admitting a nowhere-zero $4$-flow has a $3$-removable subset consisting of at most $\frac{1}{6}|E(G)|$ edges. This…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-04 Davide Mattiolo

A $d$-dimensional nowhere-zero $r$-flow on a graph $G$, an $(r,d)$-NZF from now on, is a flow where the value on each edge is an element of $\mathbb{R}^d$ whose (Euclidean) norm lies in the interval $[1,r-1]$. Such a notion is a natural…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-04-28 Davide Mattiolo , Giuseppe Mazzuoccolo , Jozef Rajník , Gloria Tabarelli

We give a compact variation of Seymour's proof that every $2$-edge-connected graph has a nowhere-zero $\mathbb{Z}_2 \times \mathbb{Z}_3$-flow.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-07-11 Matt DeVos , Kathryn Nurse