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Given a graph $G$, the exact distance-$p$ graph $G^{[\natural p]}$ has $V(G)$ as its vertex set, and two vertices are adjacent whenever the distance between them in $G$ equals $p$. We present formulas describing the structure of exact…

We solve the graph bi-partitioning problem in dense graphs with arbitrary degree distribution using the replica method. We find the cut-size to scale universally with <k^1/2>. In contrast, earlier results studying the problem in graphs with…

We discuss a partial normalisation of a finite graph of finite groups $(\Gamma(-), X)$ which leaves invariant the fundamental group. In conjunction with an easy graph-theoretic result, this provides a flexible and rather useful tool in the…

Suppose a finite, unweighted, combinatorial graph $G = (V,E)$ is the union of several (degree-)regular graphs which are then additionally connected with a few additional edges. $G$ will then have only a small number of vertices $v \in V$…

We introduce a graph-theoretical interpretation of an induced action of Aut$(\Gamma)$ in the discrete de Rham cohomology of a finite graph $\Gamma$. This action produces a splitting of Aut$(\Gamma)$ that depends on the cycles of $\Gamma$.…

Let $\pi=\{V_1,\dots,V_r\}$ be an equitable partition of the vertex set of a directed graph (digraph) $X$. It is well known that the characteristic polynomial $\phi(X/\pi,x)$ of a quotient graph $X/\pi$ divides that of $X$, but the…

Arnold, Falk, & Winther, in "Finite element exterior calculus, homological techniques, and applications" (2006), show how to geometrically decompose the full and trimmed polynomial spaces on simplicial elements into direct sums of…

A matching $M$ in a graph $\Gamma$ is positive if $\Gamma$ has a vertex-labeling such that $M$ coincides with the set of edges with positive weights. A positive matching decomposition (pmd) of $\Gamma$ is an edge-partition $M_1,\ldots,M_p$…

A split graph is a graph whose vertex set can be partitioned into a clique and a stable set. Given a graph $G$ and weight function $w: V(G) \to \mathbb{Q}_{\geq 0}$, the Split Vertex Deletion (SVD) problem asks to find a minimum weight set…

The co-maximal subgroup graph $\Gamma(G)$ of a group $G$ is a graph whose vertices are non-trivial proper subgroups of $G$ and two vertices $H$ and $K$ are adjacent if $HK=G$. In this paper, we continue the study of $\Gamma(G)$, especially…

We consider a class of graphs subject to certain restrictions, including the finiteness of diameters. Any surjective mapping $\phi:\Gamma\to\Gamma'$ between graphs from this class is shown to be an isomorphism provided that the following…

A decomposition of a multigraph $G$ is a partition of its edges into subgraphs $G(1), \ldots , G(k)$. It is called an $r$-factorization if every $G(i)$ is $r$-regular and spanning. If $G$ is a subgraph of $H$, a decomposition of $G$ is said…

Given a finite vector space $V=\mathbb{F}_q^n$, the $q$-analogue of a graph, called a $q$-graph, is a pair $\Gamma=(\mathcal{V},\mathcal{E})$, where $\mathcal{V}$ is the set of $1$-dimensional subspaces of $V$ and $\mathcal{E}$ is a subset…

We study the direct sum of q-matroids by way of their cyclic flats. Using that the rank function of a q-matroid is fully determined by the cyclic flats and their ranks, we show that the cyclic flats of the direct sum of two q-matroids are…

Regular chains and triangular decompositions are fundamental and well-developed tools for describing the complex solutions of polynomial systems. This paper proposes adaptations of these tools focusing on solutions of the real analogue:…

A decomposition of a graph is a set of subgraphs whose edges partition those of $G$. The 3-decomposition conjecture posed by Hoffmann-Ostenhof in 2011 states that every connected cubic graph can be decomposed into a spanning tree, a…

Graph polynomials encode fundamental combinatorial invariants of graphs. Their computation is investigated using tree and path decomposition frameworks, with formal definitions of treewidth, k-trees, and pathwidth establishing the…

The Gauss decomposition of quantum groups and supergroups are considered. The main attention is paid to the R-matrix formulation of the Gauss decomposition and its properties as well as its relation to the contraction procedure. Duality…

For a connected graph $G$ and $\alpha\in [0,1)$, the distance $\alpha$-spectral radius of $G$ is the spectral radius of the matrix $D_{\alpha}(G)$ defined as $D_{\alpha}(G)=\alpha T(G)+(1-\alpha)D(G)$, where $T(G)$ is a diagonal matrix of…

Let $G$ be a connected graph with vertex set $V(G)=\{v_{1},v_{2},...,v_{n}\}$. The distance matrix $D(G)=(d_{ij})_{n\times n}$ is the matrix indexed by the vertices of $G,$ where $d_{ij}$ denotes the distance between the vertices $v_{i}$…