Related papers: A natural construction for the real numbers
A new kind of numbers called Hyper Space Complex Numbers and its algebras are defined and proved. It is with good properties as the classic Complex Numbers, such as expressed in coordinates, triangular and exponent forms and following the…
Given a real number $0.a_1a_2 a_3\dots$ that is normal to base $b$, we examine increasing sequences $n_i$ so that the number $0.a_{n_1}a_{n_2}a_{n_3}\dots$ are normal to base $b$. Classically it is known that if the $n_i$ form an arithmetic…
The Replica Fourier Transform introduced previously is related to the standard definition of Fourier transforms over a group. Its use is illustrated by block-diagonalizing the eigenvalue equation of a four-replica Parisi matrix.
It seems reasonable that a toroid can be thought of approximately as a solenoid bent into a circle. The correspondence of the inductances of these two objects gives an approximation for the natural logarithm in terms of the average of two…
We consider a bivariate polynomial that generalizes both the length and reflection length generating functions in a finite Coxeter group. In seeking a combinatorial description of the coefficients, we are led to the study of a new Mahonian…
In this note we revisit a "ring of graphs" Q in which the set of finite simple graphs N extend the role of the natural numbers and the signed graphs Z extend the role of the integers. We point out the existence of a norm which allows to…
Abstract numeration systems encode natural numbers using radix ordered words of an infinite regular language and linear recurrence sequences play a key role in their valuation. Sequence automata, which are deterministic finite automata with…
The aim of this article is to investigate the issues of multiplicative inverses and composition in the set of formal Laurent series. We show the lack of general uniqueness of inverses of formal Laurent series; necessary and sufficient…
The proposed system of integer functions is logically fully independent from the traditional mathematical analysis of the real functions, but there is a well-defined mutual correspondence between the two disciplines. The system of integer…
We associate a formal power series with integer coefficients to a positive real number, we interpret this series as a "$q$-analogue of a real." The construction is based on the notion of $q$-deformed rational number introduced in…
A construction sequence for a graph is a listing of the elements of the graph (the set of vertices and edges) such that each edge follows both its endpoints. The construction number of the graph is the number of such sequences. We determine…
Clones are specializations of operads forming powerful instruments to describe varieties of algebras wherein repeating variables are allowed in their equations. They allow us in this way to realize and study a large range of algebraic…
A ``k-rule" is a sequence A=((A_n,B_n):n<omega) of pairwise disjoint sets B_n, each of cardinality at most k, where A_n is a subset of B_n. A set X of natural numbers (a ``real'') follows a rule A if for infinitely many n we have that the…
Earlier, there was computed the Poincar\'e series of a valuation or of a collection of valuations on the ring of germs of holomorphic functions in two variables. For a collection of several plane curve valuations it appeared to coincide…
A code of the natural numbers is a uniquely-decodable binary code of the natural numbers with non-decreasing codeword lengths, which satisfies Kraft's inequality tightly. We define a natural partial order on the set of codes, and show how…
Based on a brief review on developments of number system, a new developed pattern is proposed. The quaternion is extended to a matrix form aI+bC+cB+dA, in which the unit matrix I and three special matrices C,B,A correspond to number 1 and…
In a field of Laurent series, we construct a subring which has a module structure over a Weyl algebra. Identities of Bernoulli numbers and polynomials are obtained from these algebraic structures.
We consider residue structures $R/G$ where $(G,+)$ is an additive subgroup of a ring $(R,+,\cdot)$, not necessarily an ideal. Special instances include Krasner's construction of quotient hyperfields, and Pumpluen's construction of…
A discrete map based on the sum of an integer's distinct primes factors and the sum of its other factors is defined and its iteration is studied.
A permutiple is a natural number that is a nontrivial multiple of a permutation of its digits in some base. Special cases of permutiples include cyclic numbers (multiples of cyclic permutations of their digits) and palintiple numbers…