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Related papers: Bounds for the 3x+1 Problem using Difference Inequ…

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We show that there are sets of $n$ points in the plane with $n$ arbitrarily large that contain more than $n^{1.014}$ pairs of points separated by a distance exactly $1$. This improves on very recent work of a team at OpenAI, who proved the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-21 Will Sawin

A classic result of Cook et al. (1986) bounds the distances between optimal solutions of mixed-integer linear programs and optimal solutions of the corresponding linear relaxations. Their bound is given in terms of the number of variables…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-01-29 Joseph Paat , Robert Weismantel , Stefan Weltge

Let $T(n)=\left\{\begin{array}{ll}3n+1&(n\hbox{ odd})\frac n2&(n\hbox{ even})\end{array}\right.$ ($n\in\mathbb Z$). We call "the orbit of the integer $n$", the set $$ \mathcal O_n:=\{m\in\mathbb Z\;:\;\exists k\ge0,\ m=T^k(n)\} $$ and we…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-11-10 Alain Thomas

In 2001 Thunder gave an estimate for the number of integer solutions of decomposable form inequalities under the assumption that the forms are of finite type. The purpose of this article is to generalize this result to forms which are of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-10-03 Cameron L. Stewart

We consider the problem of identifying n points in the plane using disks, i.e., minimizing the number of disks so that each point is contained in a disk and no two points are in exactly the same set of disks. This problem can be seen as an…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2017-06-01 Valentin Gledel , Aline Parreau

We improve the best known upper bound for the bracketing number of $d$-dimensional axis-parallel boxes anchored in $0$ (or, put differently, of lower left orthants intersected with the $d$-dimensional unit cube $[0,1]^d$). More precisely,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-09-20 Michael Gnewuch

Taking a new approach towards analyzing the Collatz Problem, or, 3x+1 conjecture. Introducing some new functions, the Collatz-2 and Collatz-3 sequences, as well as deducing results related to Collatz-2 and Collatz-3 sequences.

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2008-04-24 Roupam Ghosh

This paper presents some new inequalities, the most important of which is the inequality given in Theorem 2.1. It can solve a class of inequalities by a unified method. An important application of the inequality given in Theorem 2.1 is to…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2019-09-06 Daiyuan Zhang

The $3x+1$ problem, also called the Collatz conjecture, is a very interesting unsolved mathematical problem related to computer science. This paper generalized this problem by relaxing the constraints, i.e., generalizing this deterministic…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2013-11-25 Bojin Zheng , Yangqian Su , Hongrun Wu , Li Kuang

The 3x+1 semigroup is the multiplicative semigroup generated by the rational numbers of form (2k+1)/(3k+2) for non-negative k, together with 2. This semigroup encodes backward iteration under the 3x+1 map, and the 3x+1 conjecture implies…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 David Applegate , Jeffrey C. Lagarias

We design new approximation algorithms for the Multiway Cut problem, improving the previously known factor of 1.32388 [Buchbinder et al., 2013]. We proceed in three steps. First, we analyze the rounding scheme of Buchbinder et al., 2013 and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-05-13 Ankit Sharma , Jan Vondrák

We describe a large-scale computational experiment to study structure in the numbers of real solutions to osculating instances of Schubert problems. This investigation uncovered Schubert problems whose computed numbers of real solutions…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2013-08-21 Nickolas Hein , Christopher J. Hillar , Frank Sottile

The paper describes several applications of information inequalities to problems in database theory. The problems discussed include: upper bounds of a query's output, worst-case optimal join algorithms, the query domination problem, and the…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Dan Suciu

This short note describes the tentative form of a finite-dimensional optimization problem that may be of use in a second-generation proof of the Kepler conjecture. In the original 1998 proof of the Kepler conjecture, the form of the…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Thomas C. Hales

We report on a new 3D numerical code designed to solve the Einstein equations for general vacuum spacetimes. This code is based on the standard 3+1 approach using cartesian coordinates. We discuss the numerical techniques used in developing…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-08-31 Peter Anninos , Karen Camarda , Joan Masso , Edward Seidel , Wai-Mo Suen , John Towns

Experimenters report an upper limit if the signal they are trying to detect is non-existent or below their experiment's sensitivity. Such experiments may be contaminated with a background too poorly understood to subtract. If the background…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2009-11-07 S. Yellin

In the multiway cut problem, we are given an undirected graph with non-negative edge weights and a collection of $k$ terminal nodes, and the goal is to partition the node set of the graph into $k$ non-empty parts each containing exactly one…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-11-22 Kristóf Bérczi , Karthekeyan Chandrasekaran , Tamás Király , Vivek Madan

In this paper, we study quantum query complexity of the following rather natural tripartite generalisations (in the spirit of the 3-sum problem) of the hidden shift and the set equality problems, which we call the 3-shift-sum and the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-03-29 Aleksandrs Belovs , Ansis Rosmanis

In the paper, some special linear combinations of the terms of rational cycles of generalized Collatz sequences are studied. It is proved that if the coefficients of the linear combinations satisfy some conditions then these linear…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-10-02 Yagub N. Aliyev

We investigate the boundedness of solutions of the first order linear difference equation of the form $x_{n+1} = Ax_{n} + y_{n}, \; n \geq 1$ where $A$ is a square matrix with complex entries, sequence $\{y_{n}\}_{n\geq 1}$ and initial…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-09-23 Andrii Chaikovskyi , Oleksandr Liubimov