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Using the theory of Properly Embedded Graphs developed in an earlier work we define an involutory duality on the set labeled non-crossing trees that lifts the obvious duality in the set of unlabeled non-crossing trees. The set of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-05-05 Nikos Apostolakis

A class of structures is said to have the homomorphism-preservation property just in case every first-order formula that is preserved by homomorphisms on this class is equivalent to an existential-positive formula. It is known by a result…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2009-03-08 Anuj Dawar

We study marginally compact macromolecular trees that are created by means of two different fractal generators. In doing so, we assume Gaussian statistics for the vectors connecting nodes of the trees. Moreover, we introduce bond-bond…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2017-07-18 Maxim Dolgushev , Adrian L. Hauber , Philipp Pelagejcev , Joachim P. Wittmer

We study the class of quasi-alphabetic relations, i.e., tree transformations defined by tree bimorphisms with two quasi-alphabetic tree homomorphisms and a regular tree language. We present a canonical representation of these relations; as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2010-05-13 Andreas Maletti , Catalin Ionut Tirnauca

In this paper, we estimate the weak saturation numbers of trees. As a case study, we examine caterpillars and obtain several tight estimates. In particular, this implies that for any $\alpha\in [1,2]$, there exist caterpillars with $k$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-02 Wenchong Chen , Xiao-Chuan Liu , Xu Yang

We prove that two infinite p-adic semi-algebraic sets are isomorphic (i.e. there exists a semi-algebraic bijection between them) if and only if they have the same dimension.

Logic · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Raf Cluckers

We consider a random tree and introduce a metric in the space of trees to define the ``mean tree'' as the tree minimizing the average distance to the random tree. When the resulting metric space is compact we have laws of large numbers and…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 David Balding , Pablo A. Ferrari , Ricardo Fraiman , Mariela Sued

We characterise when there exists a quasiisometric embedding between two solvable Baumslag-Solitar groups. This extends the work of Farb and Mosher on quasiisometries between the same groups. More generally, we characterise when there can…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2022-04-11 Patrick S. Nairne

We discuss some well-known compactness principles for uncountable structures of small regular sizes ($\omega_n$ for $2 \le n<\omega$, $\aleph_{\omega+1}$, $\aleph_{\omega^2+1}$, etc.), consistent from weakly compact (the size-restricted…

Logic · Mathematics 2026-05-05 Radek Honzik

Spanning trees of complete bipartite graphs exhibit a rich interaction between degree sequences and graph structure. In this paper, we obtain lower bounds on the number of isomorphism classes of spanning trees in $K_{a,b}, 2 \leq a \leq b$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-03 Peter Johnson , Shayne Nochumson

This paper develops a rich theory of cardinality in the paraconsistent and paracomplete set theory $\mathrm{BZFC}$, where sets can be inconsistent ($A$ such that ``$x\in A$'' is both true and false for some $x$) or incomplete ($A$ such that…

Logic · Mathematics 2026-04-09 Hrafn Valtýr Oddsson

Homomorphism duality pairs play crucial role in the theory of relational structures and in the Constraint Satisfaction Problem. The case where both classes are finite is fully characterized. The case when both side are infinite seems to be…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-06-04 Péter L. Erdős , Dömötör Pálvölgyi , Claude Tardif , Gábor Tardos

The notion of semifunctor between categories, due to S. Hayashi (1985), is defined as a functor that does not necessarily preserve identities. In this paper we study how several properties of functors, such as fullness, full faithfulness,…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2023-10-03 Lucrezia Bottegoni

We summarize the known methods of producing a non-supercompact strongly compact cardinal and describe some new variants. Our Main Theorem shows how to apply these methods to many cardinals simultaneously and exactly control which cardinals…

Logic · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Arthur W. Apter , Joel David Hamkins

We survey the definition and some elementary properties of real trees. There are no new results, as far as we know. One purpose is to give a number of different definitions and show the equivalence between them. We discuss also, for…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-03-15 Svante Janson

In this paper, we define a new structure analogous to group, called partial group. This structure concerns the partial stability by the composition inner law. We generalize the three isomorphism theorems for groups to partial groups.

Group Theory · Mathematics 2013-08-06 Yahya N'Dao , Adlene Ayadi

We construct quasi-isometry invariants of a one-ended finitely presented group by considering the tree of cylinders of a two-ended JSJ decomposition of the group. When the group satisfies additional quasi-isometric rigidity hypotheses we…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2016-01-28 Christopher H. Cashen

In a series of four papers we determine structures whose existence is dual, in the sense of complementary, to the existence of stars or combs. Here, in the second paper of the series, we present duality theorems for combinations of stars…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-09-16 Carl Bürger , Jan Kurkofka

Let $\FN$ be a free group of finite rank $N \geq 2$, and let $T$ be an $\R$-tree with a very small, minimal action of $\FN$ with dense orbits. For any basis $\CA$ of $\FN$ there exists a {\em heart} $K_{\CA} \subset \bar T$ (= the metric…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2015-05-13 Thierry Coulbois , Arnaud Hilion , Martin Lustig

A quasiconformal tree is a metric tree that is doubling and of bounded turning. We prove that every quasiconformal tree is quasisymmetrically equivalent to a geodesic tree with Hausdorff dimension arbitrarily close to 1.

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2020-06-11 Mario Bonk , Daniel Meyer