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We construct a pair of non-isomorphic, bipartite graphs which are not distinguished by counting the number of homomorphisms to any tree. This answers a question motivated by Atserias et al. (LICS 2021). In order to establish the…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Anuj Dawar

The rank of a graph is defined to be the rank of its adjacency matrix. A graph is called reduced if it has no isolated vertices and no two vertices with the same set of neighbors. A reduced graph $G$ is said to be maximal if any reduced…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-10-09 H. Esmailian , E. Ghorbani , S. Hossein Ghorban , G. B. Khosrovshahi

Let $T$ be a tree, we show that the null space of the adjacency matrix of $T$ has relevant information about the structure of $T$. We introduce the Null Decomposition of trees, and use it in order to get formulas for independence number and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-08-04 Daniel A. Jaume , Gonzalo Molina

First we introduce a generalization of symmetric spaces to parabolic geometries. We provide construction of such parabolic geometries starting with classical symmetric spaces and we show that all regular parabolic geometries with smooth…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2012-07-30 Jan Gregorovič

We describe the structure of those graphs that have largest spectral radius in the class of all connected graphs with a given degree sequence. We show that in such a graph the degree sequence is non-increasing with respect to an ordering of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-10-07 Tuerker Biyikoglu , Josef Leydold

Generically an almost complex structure has no symmetries at all, but there exist symmetric structures. In this paper we describe how to guarantee that the pseudogroup of local symmetries is small (finite-dimensional). It will be indicated…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2013-11-19 Boris Kruglikov

For a graph $G$, let $\lambda_1(G)$ and $\lambda_2(G)$ denote the largest and the second largest adjacency eigenvalue of $G$. The sum $\lambda_1(G) + \lambda_2(G)$ is called the \emph{spectral sum} of $G$. We investigate the spectral sum of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-16 Hitesh Kumar , Bojan Mohar , Shivaramakrishna Pragada , Hanmeng Zhan

Let $V$ be a complex finite dimensional super vector space with an action of a connected semisimple group $G$. We classify those pairs $(G,V)$ for which all homogeneous components of the super symmetric algebra of $V$ decompose…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2011-12-01 Tobias Pecher

In various articles, it is said that the class of all soft topologies on a common universe forms a complete lattice, but in this paper, we prove that it is a complete lattice. Some soft topologies are maximal and some are minimal with…

General Topology · Mathematics 2022-10-18 Samer Al Ghour , Zanyar A. Ameen

We study the conditions under which the isometry of spaces with metrics generated by weights given on the edges of finite trees is equivalent to the isomorphism of these trees. Similar questions are studied for ultrametric spaces generated…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2020-02-18 Oleksiy Dovgoshey

In this paper we build an abstract description of vertex algebras from their basic axioms. Starting with Borcherds' notion of a vertex group, we naturally construct a family of multilinear singular maps parameterised by trees. These…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Craig T. Snydal

It is shown that a group defined by forbidding all patterns of size s+1 that do not appear in a given self-similar group of tree automorphisms is the topological closure of a self-similar, countable, regular branch group, branching over its…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2010-12-10 Zoran Sunic

On an infinite, radial metric tree graph we consider the corresponding Laplacian equipped with self-adjoint vertex conditions from a large class including $\delta$- and weighted $\delta'$-couplings. Assuming the numbers of different edge…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2017-07-04 Jonathan Rohleder , Christian Seifert

Let $G$ be a finite group and let $k$ be an algebraically closed field of characteristic $2$ and let $M$ be an indecomposable $kG$-module which affords a non-degenerate $G$-invariant symmetric bilinear form. We introduce the symmetric…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2016-04-21 John C. Murray

A topology $\tau$ on a set $X$ is called maximal connected if it is connected, but no strictly finer topology $\tau^* > \tau$ is connected. We consider a construction of so-called tree sums of topological spaces, and we show how this…

General Topology · Mathematics 2018-12-04 Adam Bartoš

Given $n \geq 1$, we study the existence of a tree on $n$ vertices whose independence polynomial is symmetric and unimodal as well as the existence of a symmetric and unimodal independence polynomial of degree $n$ of a tree.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-22 Takayuki Hibi , Selvi Kara , Dalena Vien

A perfect forest is a spanning forest of a connected graph $G$, all of whose components are induced subgraphs of $G$ and such that all vertices have odd degree in the forest. A perfect forest generalised a perfect matching since, in a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-12-16 Yair Caro , Josef Lauri , Christina Zarb

Assume that there is a free group action of automorphisms on a bipartite graph. If there is a perfect matching on the factor graph, then obviously there is a perfect matching on the graph. Surprisingly, the reversed is also true for…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2016-07-26 Jan Fricke

We introduce and geometrically characterize the notion of uniformly perfect Morse boundary for proper geodesic metric spaces. As a unifying result, we prove that the Morse boundary of any finitely generated, non-elementary group is…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2026-02-09 Suzhen Han , Qing Liu

We determine upper and lower bounds for the number of maximum matchings (i.e., matchings of maximum cardinality) $m(T)$ of a tree $T$ of given order. While the trees that attain the lower bound are easily characterised, the trees with…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-04-09 Clemens Heuberger , Stephan Wagner