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The Stokes parameters form a Minkowskian four-vector under various optical transformations. As a consequence, the resulting two-by-two density matrix constitutes a representation of the Lorentz group. The associated Poincare sphere is a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 S. Baskal , Y. S. Kim

We develop the theory of arrangements of spheres. Consider a finite collection of codimension-$1$ subspheres in a positive-dimensional sphere. There are two posets associated with this collection: the poset of faces and the poset of…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2014-12-09 Priyavrat Deshpande

In the paper "Aquino, C., Jim\'enez, R., Mijangos, M., Morales Mel\'endez, Q.: On Invariant (co)homology of a group, preprint" are introduced two groups generated by the orbits of an action of a group on another group by automorphisms. One…

K-Theory and Homology · Mathematics 2020-05-18 Quitzeh Morales Meléndez

We generalize work of Bourgain-Kontorovich and Zhang, proving an almost local-to-global property for the curvatures of certain circle packings, to a large class of Kleinian groups. Specifically, we associate in a natural way an infinite…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-05-22 Elena Fuchs , Katherine E. Stange , Xin Zhang

We describe new arithmetic invariants for pairs of torus orbits on groups isogenous to an inner form of $\mathbf{PGL}_n$ over a number field. These invariants are constructed by studying the double quotient of a linear algebraic group by a…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-09-18 Ilya Khayutin

The solution of Apollonius' problem on constructing a circle (line), tangent to three given circles (lines), is presented in terms of oriented circles and inversive invariants. Tangency is understood as the coincidence of tangent vectors at…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2026-01-12 Alexey Kurnosenko

By using totally isotropic subspaces in an orthogonal space Omega^{+}(2i,2), several infinite families of packings of 2^k-dimensional subspaces of real 2^i-dimensional space are constructed, some of which are shown to be optimal packings. A…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 A. R. Calderbank , R. H. Hardin , E. M. Rains , P. W. Shor , N. J. A. Sloane

The aim of this paper is to generalize Apollonius' problem. The problem is to construct a circle that is tangent to three given circles in a plane. We find the maximum possible number of solution circles in the case of more than the three…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2017-05-16 Egor Morozov

The three Apollonius circles of a triangle, each passing through a triangle vertex, the corresponding vertex of the cevian triangle of the incenter and the corresponding vertex of the circumcevian triangle of the symmedian point, are…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2008-07-09 Cosmin Pohoata , Vladimir Zajic

The concepts of symmetry and symmetry groups are at the heart of several developments in modern theoretical and mathematical physics. The present paper is devoted to a number of selected topics within this framework: Euclidean and rotation…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Giampiero Esposito , Giuseppe Marmo

Structural organization and correlations are studied in very large packings of equally sized acrylic spheres, reconstructed in three-dimensions by means of X-ray computed tomography. A novel technique, devised to analyze correlations among…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2007-09-19 Tomaso Aste

We introduce a new class of fractal circle packings in the plane, generalizing the polyhedral packings defined by Kontorovich and Nakamura. The existence and uniqueness of these packings are guaranteed by infinite versions of the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-02-14 Philip Rehwinkel , Ian Whitehead , David Yang , Mengyuan Yang

Given an equilateral triangle with $a$ the square of its side length and a point in its plane with $b$, $c$, $d$ the squares of the distances from the point to the vertices of the triangle, it can be computed that $a$, $b$, $c$, $d$ satisfy…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2013-03-04 Christina Chen , Nan Li

For a circle packing P on the sphere invariant under a geometrically finite Kleinian group, we compute the asymptotic of the number of circles in P of spherical curvature at most $T$ which are contained in any given region.

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2018-12-07 Hee Oh , Nimish Shah

We give a general description of the structure of a discrete double groupoid (with an extra, quite natural, filling condition) in terms of groupoid factorizations and groupoid 2-cocycles with coefficients in abelian group bundles. Our…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2010-06-29 Nicolás Andruskiewitsch , Sonia Natale

We have discovered the existence of polydisperse High Internal-Phase-Ratio Emulsions (HIPE) in which the internal-phase droplets, present at 95% volume fraction, remain spherical and organize themselves in the available space according to…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2020-03-17 Sylvie Kwok , Robert Botet , Lewis Sharpnack , Bernard Cabane

Packing problems have been of great interest in many diverse contexts for many centuries. The optimal packing of identical objects has been often invoked to understand the nature of low temperature phases of matter. In celebrated work,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-13 Antonio Trovato , Trinh X. Hoang , Jayanth R. Banavar , Amos Maritan

We consider circle packings in the plane with circles of sizes $1$, $r\simeq 0.834$ and $s\simeq 0.651$. These sizes are algebraic numbers which allow a compact packing, that is, a packing in which each hole is formed by three mutually…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2019-12-06 Thomas Fernique

In Descartes' five circle problem integer curvatures (inverse radii) are considered. The positive integer curvature triple [c_1, c_2, c_3] (dimensionless), with non-decreasing entries for three given mutually touching circles, leading to…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-21 Wolfdieter Lang

Recently, Connelly and Gortler gave a novel proof of the circle packing theorem for tangency packings by introducing a hybrid combinatorial-geometric operation, flip-and-flow, that allows two tangency packings whose contact graphs differ by…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2020-07-07 John C. Bowers