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The paper treats density measures as typical examples of finitely additive measures in $\mathbb{R}^n$. We study their structure and derive basic properties. In addition, estimates for related integrals are provided. The results are applied…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-03-26 Moritz Schönherr , Friedemann Schuricht

Random graph models are used to describe the complex structure of real-world networks in diverse fields of knowledge. Studying their behavior and fitting properties are still critical challenges, that in general, require model specific…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-08-30 Suzana de Siqueira Santos , André Fujita , Catherine Matias

Diversities have recently been developed as multiway metrics admitting clear and useful notions of hyperconvexity and tight span. In this note we consider the analytic properties of diversities, in particular the generalizations of uniform…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2013-11-19 Andrew Poelstra

We compute spectra of symmetric random matrices defined on graphs exhibiting a modular structure. Modules are initially introduced as fully connected sub-units of a graph. By contrast, inter-module connectivity is taken to be incomplete.…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2009-08-24 G. Ergun , R. Kuehn

A density matrix describes the statistical state of a quantum system. It is a powerful formalism to represent both the quantum and classical uncertainty of quantum systems and to express different statistical operations such as measurement,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Fabio A. González , Alejandro Gallego , Santiago Toledo-Cortés , Vladimir Vargas-Calderón

The inverse problem of diffraction theory in essence amounts to the reconstruction of the atomic positions of a solid from its diffraction image. From a mathematical perspective, this is a notoriously difficult problem, even in the…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2009-02-23 Uwe Grimm , Michael Baake

Many learning problems require predicting sets of objects when the number of objects is not known beforehand. Examples include object detection, molecular modeling, and scientific inference tasks such as astrophysical source detection.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Tin Hadži Veljković , Erik Bekkers , Michael Tiemann , Jan-Willem van de Meent

The extent to which different biological and artificial neural systems rely on equivalent internal representations to support similar tasks remains a central question in neuroscience and machine learning. Prior work typically compares…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Jialin Wu , Shreya Saha , Yiqing Bo , Meenakshi Khosla

Cut-and-project sets $\Sigma\subset\mathbb{R}^n$ represent one of the types of uniformly discrete relatively dense sets. They arise by projection of a section of a higher-dimensional lattice to a suitably oriented subspace. Cut-and-project…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2020-01-31 Zuzana Masáková , Jan Mazáč , Edita Pelantová

Usually, density functional models are considered approximations to density functional theory, However, there is no systematic connection between the two, and this can make us doubt about a linkage. This attitude can be further enforced by…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2020-11-10 Andreas Savin

Generalization and invariance are two essential properties of any machine learning model. Generalization captures a model's ability to classify unseen data while invariance measures consistency of model predictions on transformations of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-15 Weijian Deng , Stephen Gould , Liang Zheng

The magnitude of a metric space is a novel invariant that provides a measure of the 'effective size' of a space across multiple scales, while also capturing numerous geometrical properties, such as curvature, density, or entropy. We develop…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Katharina Limbeck , Rayna Andreeva , Rik Sarkar , Bastian Rieck

We introduce the notion of matrices graph, defining continued fraction algorithms where the past and the future are almost independent. We provide an algorithm to convert more general algorithms into matrices graphs. We present an algorithm…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-11-17 Paul Mercat

Symmetry is a fundamental tool in the exploration of a broad range of complex systems. In machine learning symmetry has been explored in both models and data. In this paper we seek to connect the symmetries arising from the architecture of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-27 Charles Godfrey , Davis Brown , Tegan Emerson , Henry Kvinge

We analyze invariant measures of two coupled piecewise linear and everywhere expanding maps on the synchronization manifold. We observe that though the individual maps have simple and smooth functions as their stationary densities, they…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2017-08-11 Deepak Jalla , Kiran M. Kolwankar

Learning from unordered sets is a fundamental learning setup, recently attracting increasing attention. Research in this area has focused on the case where elements of the set are represented by feature vectors, and far less emphasis has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Haggai Maron , Or Litany , Gal Chechik , Ethan Fetaya

Regular sequences are natural generalisations of fixed points of constant-length substitutions on finite alphabets, that is, of automatic sequences. Using the harmonic analysis of measures associated with substitutions as motivation, we…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-08-12 Michael Coons , James Evans , Neil Manibo

Unsupervised approaches for learning representations invariant to common transformations are used quite often for object recognition. Learning invariances makes models more robust and practical to use in real-world scenarios. Since data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Gauri Gupta , Ritvik Kapila , Keshav Gupta , Ramesh Raskar

Cosine-similarity is the cosine of the angle between two vectors, or equivalently the dot product between their normalizations. A popular application is to quantify semantic similarity between high-dimensional objects by applying…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Harald Steck , Chaitanya Ekanadham , Nathan Kallus

Density-functional theory is a formally exact description of a many-body quantum system in terms of its density; in practice, however, approximations to the universal density functional are required. In this work, a model based on deep…

Computational Physics · Physics 2016-08-02 Jeffrey M. McMahon