Related papers: The inverse crime
We provide a complete characterisation of the phenomenon of adversarial examples - inputs intentionally crafted to fool machine learning models. We aim to cover all the important concerns in this field of study: (1) the conjectures on the…
The main features of the statistical approach to inverse problems are described on the example of a linear model with additive noise. The approach does not use any Bayesian hypothesis regarding an unknown object; instead, the standard…
In this paper, we investigate some properties of annihilator $(b,c)$-inverses in an arbitrary ring. We demonstrate that one-sided annihilator $(b,c)$-inverses of elements in arbitrary rings may behave differently in contrast to one-sided…
Square matrices of the form $\widetilde{\mathbf{A}} =\mathbf{A} + \mathbf{e}D \mathbf{f}^*$ are considered. An explicit expression for the inverse is given, provided $\widetilde{\mathbf{A}}$ and $D$ are invertible with…
Long-term data-driven studies have become indispensable in many areas of science. Often, the data formats, structures and semantics of data change over time, the data sets evolve. Therefore, studies over several decades in particular have…
Inverse categories are categories in which every morphism x has a unique pseudo-inverse y in the sense that xyx=x and yxy=y. Persistence modules from topological data analysis and similarly decomposable category representations factor…
We address the task of identifying anomalous observations by analyzing digits under the lens of Benford's law. Motivated by the crucial objective of providing reliable statistical analysis of customs declarations, we answer one major and…
Counterfactual inference considers a hypothetical intervention in a parallel world that shares some evidence with the factual world. If the evidence specifies a conditional distribution on a manifold, counterfactuals may be analytically…
Modern statisticians are often presented with hundreds or thousands of hypothesis testing problems to evaluate at the same time, generated from new scientific technologies such as microarrays, medical and satellite imaging devices, or flow…
Inversion of various inclusions, that characterize continuity in topological spaces, results in numerous variants of quotient and perfect maps. In the framework of convergences, the said inclusions are no longer equivalent, and each of them…
Before a person can be prosecuted and convicted for insider trading, he must first execute the overt act of trading. If no sale of security is consummated, no crime is also consummated. However, through a complex and insidious combination…
Near repeat (NR) is a well known phenomenon in crime analysis assuming that crime events exhibit correlations within a given time and space frame. Traditional NR calculation generates 2 event pairs if 2 events happened within a given space…
As machine learning is increasingly used to inform consequential decision-making (e.g., pre-trial bail and loan approval), it becomes important to explain how the system arrived at its decision, and also suggest actions to achieve a…
In the theory of programming languages, type inference is the process of inferring the type of an expression automatically, often making use of information from the context in which the expression appears. Such mechanisms turn out to be…
Much progress has been made in misere game theory using the technique of restricted misere play, where games can be considered equivalent inside a restricted set of games without being equal in general. This paper provides a survey of…
The derivation of the quantum retrodictive probability formula involves an error, an ambiguity. The end result is correct because this error appears twice, in such a way as to cancel itself. In addition, however, the usual expression for…
We consider the inverse problem of recovering a potential by measuring the response at a point to a source located at the same point and then varying the point on the surface of a sphere. This is a similar to the inverse back-scattering…
Being able to provide counterfactual interventions - sequences of actions we would have had to take for a desirable outcome to happen - is essential to explain how to change an unfavourable decision by a black-box machine learning model…
We establish general "collapse to the mean" principles that provide conditions under which a law-invariant functional reduces to an expectation. In the convex setting, we retrieve and sharpen known results from the literature. However, our…
The aim of this article is to investigate the issues of multiplicative inverses and composition in the set of formal Laurent series. We show the lack of general uniqueness of inverses of formal Laurent series; necessary and sufficient…