Related papers: A Note on Polarization Vectors in Quantum Electrod…
A Lagrangian for quantum electrodynamics is found which makes it explicit that the photon mass is eventually set to zero in the physical part on observational ground. It remains possible to obtain a counterterm Lagrangian where the only…
The assumption is made that only transversely polarized photons are needed for a correct description of Quantum Electrodynamics. A simple mathematical transformation is used to introduce new field operators which satisfy the full Maxwell…
We show that any pure, two-mode, $N$-photon state with $N$ odd or equal to two can be transformed into an orthogonal state using only linear optics. According to a recently suggested definition of polarization degree, this implies that all…
This paper discusses an attempt to develop a mathematically rigorous theory of Quantum Electrodynamics (QED). It deviates from the standard version of QED mainly in two aspects: it is assumed that the Coulomb forces are carried by…
Polarization state of biphoton light generated via collinear frequency-degenerate spontaneous parametric down-conversion is considered. A biphoton is described by a three-component polarization vector, its arbitrary transformations relating…
Quantum mechanical scalar particle with polarizability is considered in the presence of the Coulomb field. Separation of variables is performed with the use of Wigner $D$-functions, the radial system of 15 equations is reduced to a single…
A system similar to gapped graphene (for example, fluorinated) containing two or more electron valleys is considered. It is assumed that the material has a sector cut and is deformed in the plane and the the cut edges are connected to form…
Differences between vector potentials in different gauges contain no dynamics in both classical and quantum electrodynamics and chromodynamics. Consequently, once gauge invariance is established, results calculated in non-covariant gauges…
It has been accepted that the polarization of the photon in vector beams is entangled with its momentum. Here a quantum description is advanced for the polarization that shows entanglement with the momentum. This is done by showing that the…
A calculation of the QED vacuum polarization potential in the Coulomb field of a pointlike nucleus was presented in an earlier publication by the author and his collaborators. Corrections up to order $\alpha^2 (Z\alpha)^7$ were evaluated,…
The rotation of the polarization vector for light propagating perpendicular to an external constant external magnetic field $B$, is calculated in quantum vacuum, where it leads to different photon eigenmodes of the magnetized photon…
In this paper we study the polarization tensor of photons in a QED plasma in the presence of a magnetic field. We do it both at vanishing and at finite temperature. We use two different methods to compute the polarization tensor components…
We theoretically describe the weak measurement of a two-level system (qubit) and quantify the degree to which such a qubit measurement has a quantum non-demolition (QND) character. The qubit is coupled to a harmonic oscillator which…
A simple transformation of field variables eliminates Coulomb forces from the theory of quantum electrodynamics. This suggests that Coulomb forces may be an emergent phenomenon rather than being fundamental. This possibility is investigated…
The Coulomb problem for vector bosons W incorporates a known difficulty; the boson falls on the center. In QED the fermion vacuum polarization produces a barrier at small distances which solves the problem. In a renormalizable SU(2) theory…
We present a complete polarization characterization of any quantum state of two orthogonal polarization modes, and give a systematic measurement procedure to collect the necessary data. Full characterization requires measurements of the…
Vacuum polarization effects are non-perturbatively incorporated into the photon propagator to eliminate the severe infrared problems characteristic of QED$_3$. The theory is thus rephrased in terms of a massive vector boson whose mass is…
To discuss one-photon polarization states we find an explicit form of the Wigner's little group element in the massless case for arbitrary Lorentz transformation. As is well known, when analyzing the transformation properties of the…
Extremely strong magnetic fields change the vacuum index of refraction. Although this polarization dependent effect is small for typical neutron stars, it is large enough to decouple the polarization states of photons traveling within the…
A direct calculation of the elements of the photon polarization vector for arbitrary momentum in the helicity basis shows that it is not a vector but a complex bivector. The bivector real and imaginary parts can be directly equated with…