Related papers: Mixing angle and Glashow's Algebra
Gauge symmetries generally appear as a constraint algebra, under which one expects all physical states to be singlets. However, quantum anomalies and boundary conditions introduce central charges and change this picture, thus causing…
The Standard Model of electroweak interactions is shown to include a gauge theory for the observed scalar and pseudoscalar mesons. This is done by exploiting the consequences of embedding the SU(2)left X U(1) group into the chiral group of…
The $U_L(2)\bigotimes U_R(2) $ gauge model for the unified theory of the electromagnetic and weak interactions which is free from a prior self-interaction scalar field, is developed. Due to breaking the initial symmetry the…
We know that demanding $SU(2)_L\times U(1)_Y$ gauge symmetry of Lagrangian is a "sufficient" condition to describe electroweak interactions, however, in this paper, we have tried to find whether it's a "necessary" condition or not. We have…
In a gauge theory with SU(5) broken to SU(2)$\times$U(1), the Higgs mass squared receives only logarithmic divergence from all scalar-gauge interactions at one loop. The same pattern of gauge symmetry breaking can be achieved without any…
By consireding representation theory for non-associative algebras we construct the fundamental and adjoint representations of the octonion algebra. We then show how these representations by associative matrices allow a consistent octonionic…
A modified formulation of the Electroweak Model with 3-dimensional spherical geometry in the target space is suggested. The {\it free} Lagrangian in the spherical field space along with the standard gauge field Lagrangian form the full…
Consistent interactions that can be added to a free, Abelian gauge theory comprising a BF model and a finite set of massless real scalar fields are constructed from the deformation of the solution to the master equation based on specific…
Applied to the electroweak interactions, the theory of Lie algebra extensions suggests a mechanism by which the boson masses are generated without resource to spontaneous symmetry breaking. It starts from a gauge theory without any…
This is a study of induced nonlinear realizations of a Lie group G in which the presence of one field induces nonlinear transformations on another field. The covariant derivative structure is similar in form to that for local gauge theory.…
Motivated by recent works on ``Higgsless theories,'' I discuss an $SU(2)_0\times SU(2)^{N}\times U(1)$ gauge theory with arbitrary bifundamental (or custodial SU(2) preserving) symmetry breaking between the gauge subgroups and with ordinary…
By representing the electroweak gauge symmetry group $SU(2) \times U(1)$ by a hypertorus $S_2 \times S_1$, the electroweak mixing angle and the fine structure constant are predicted. By representing neutrinos as oscillating spheroid…
In the usual approach to q-deformed gauge theories, the gauge fields are required to be non-local or non-commutative one's. If we introduce, however, an extended product, which we call `` $\star$-product\rq\rq, among the generators of a…
This paper includes two main parts. In the first part, we present generalized gauge models based on SU(3)_C x SU(4)_L x U(1)_X (3-4-1) gauge group with arbitrary electric charge of leptons. The mixing matrix of neutral gauge bosons is…
The existing definitions of mixing angles (one-loop radiatively corrected and renormalization-scale-independent) for scalar particles turn out to be gauge-dependent when used in gauge theories. We show that a scale- and gauge-independent…
A new simplified approach for teaching electromagnetism is presented using the formalism of geometric algebra (GA) which does not require vector calculus or tensor index notation, thus producing a much more accessible presentation for…
Four-dimensional strings with the standard model gauge group $SU(3)\times SU(2)\times U(1)$ give model-dependent predictions for the tree level weak mixing-angle. In the presence of an extra pseudo-anomalous gauged- ${U(1)}_X$, the value of…
We propose a minimal unified model of the electroweak interactions without a Higgs particle in the final physical spectrum. This is achieved through adding a nonlinear constraint for the Higgs field in the Lagrangian in which the field's…
Gauge invariance is a powerful tool to determine the dynamical forces among the fundamental constituents of matter. The particle content, structure and symmetries of the Standard Model Lagrangian are discussed. Special emphasis is given to…
The Standard Model of electroweak interactions has been recast as a gauge free theory where the fields present in the Lagrangian are made inert under $SU(2)_L \times U(1)_Y$ gauge transformations. Furthermore, the residual $U(1)_{em}$ gauge…