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This article surveys invariants of four-manifolds and their relation to Donaldson-Witten theory, and other topologically twisted Yang-Mills theories. The article is written for the second edition of the Encyclopedia of Mathematical Physics,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-12-25 Jan Manschot

A modern elementary introduction to special relativity for advanced school children or first-year university students, in Russian. I try to demonstrate that relativity does not contradict common sense; on the contrary, it follows from…

Popular Physics · Physics 2015-06-02 Andrey Grozin

Covariant Lyapunov vectors (CLVs) are intrinsic modes that describe long-term linear perturbations of solutions of dynamical systems. With recent advances in the context of semi-invertible multiplicative ergodic theorems, existence of CLVs…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2021-07-26 Florian Noethen

The foundations of gyrokinetic theory are reviewed with an emphasis on the applications of Lagrangian and Hamiltonian methods used in the derivation of nonlinear gyrokinetic Vlasov-Maxwell equations. These reduced dynamical equations…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Alain J. Brizard

The regime of undamped oscillations characterizing the stellar dynamics of virialised systems is analysed within the framework of a new approach to the study of the integrals of motion. The method is relevant as far as the cosmological…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2023-06-08 Orchidea Maria Lecian , Brunello Tirozzi

The general method to obtain solutions of the Maxwellian equations from scalar representatives is developed and applied to the diffraction of electromagnetic waves. Kirchhoff's integral is modified to provide explicit expressions for these…

Optics · Physics 2019-03-27 Ulrich Brosa

The main purpose of this article is to provide a guide to theorems on global properties of solutions to the Einstein--Vlasov system. This system couples Einstein's equations to a kinetic matter model. Kinetic theory has been an important…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-05-28 Håkan Andréasson

We establish new existence and non-existence results for positive solutions of the Einstein-scalar field Lichnerowicz equation on compact manifolds. This equation arises from the Hamiltonian constraint equation for the Einstein-scalar field…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Emmanuel Hebey , Frank Pacard , Daniel Pollack

We study the Lie point symmetries of Einstein's equations for the Friedmann-Roberstson-Walker Cosmology. They form either a two - dimensional or a three - dimensional solvable group depending on the form of the self interacting potential.…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-10-06 Paschalis G. Paschali , Georgios C. Chrysostomou

The new generalized kinetic equation is offered. This equation represents a hybrid Shakhov's equation and ellipsoidal statistical Holway's equation. Equation constants are expressed through such physically significant quantities, as…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2014-01-21 A. V. Latyshev , A. A. Yushkanov

We study two inexact methods for solutions of random eigenvalue problems in the context of spectral stochastic finite elements. In particular, given a parameter-dependent, symmetric matrix operator, the methods solve for eigenvalues and…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2018-12-27 Kookjin Lee , Bedřich Sousedík

We apply a novel method for the equivalence group and its infinitesimal generators to the investigation of invariants of linear ordinary differential equations. First, a comparative study of this method is illustrated by an example. Next,…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2008-06-27 J. C. Ndogmo

Symmetry analysis of Ermakov systems has attracted enormous treatments in recent times. In this paper we consider three classes of the Ermakov systems and obtain their nonlocal symmetries using a simple algebraic reduction process. We…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2009-08-18 F. I. Arunaye

We give a sufficient condition for existence of an exponential dichotomy for a general linear dynamical system (not necessarily invertible) in a Banach space, in discrete or continuous time. We provide applications to the backward heat…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2019-01-01 Gong Chen , Jacek Jendrej

Formulas previously presented for the Casson-Walker invariant are generalized to Lescop's extension. These formulas in terms of linking numbers and surgery coefficients compute the change in Lescop's invariant under crossing changes in a…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Jeff Johannes

These notes are a part of my lectures on representations of adelic groups attached to two-dimensional schemes. They contain a study of the one-dimensional case as a preliminary step to the case of dimension two. We consider the following…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2010-11-16 A. N. Parshin

A vector calculus approach for the determination of advected invariants is presented for inviscid fluid flow. This approach describes invariants by means of Lie dragging of scalars, vectors, and skew-tensors with respect to the fluid…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2020-08-11 Stephen C. Anco , Gary M. Webb

Classification theorems for linear differential equations in two real variables, possessing eigenfunctions in the form of the polynomials (the generalized Bochner problem) are given. The main result is based on the consideration of the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-09-06 Alexander Turbiner

We introduce the tools of intersection theory to the study of Feynman integrals, which allows for a new way of projecting integrals onto a basis. In order to illustrate this technique, we consider the Baikov representation of maximal cuts…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-03-06 Pierpaolo Mastrolia , Sebastian Mizera

We consider a coefficient inverse problem for the dielectric permittivity in Maxwell's equations, with data consisting of boundary measurements of one or two backscattered or transmitted waves. The problem is treated using a Lagrangian…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2016-03-18 John Bondestam Malmberg , Larisa Beilina