Related papers: Sewing string tree vertices with ghosts

We construct complete sets of (open and closed string) covariant coherent state and mass eigenstate vertex operators in bosonic string theory. This construction can be used to study the evolution of fundamental cosmic strings as predicted…

We analyze an alternative prescription for computing tree level scattering amplitudes in the pure spinor superstring. Proposed by Berkovits, and inspired by an earlier work by Lee and Siegel, it bypasses the traditional ghost number three…

The pure spinor superstring in a type II curved background is considered. In order to define reparametrization ghosts, non-minimal pure spinor variables have to be present in the formalism. The BRST transformations of the non-minimal…

We consider the in-plane motion of elastic strings on tree-like network, observed from the 'leaves'. We investigate the inverse problem of recovering not only the physical properties i.e. the 'optical lengths' of each string, but also the…

Graceful tree conjecture is a well-known open problem in graph theory. Here we present a computational approach to this conjecture. An algorithm for finding graceful labelling for trees is proposed. With this algorithm, we show that every…

Sequences of traces of powers of integral matrices are characterized.The result can be used can be used in character tables of e.g. the symmetric group.

We show that there is (p-1)(p'-1) dimensional semi-relative BRST cohomology at each non-positive ghost number in the (p,p') minimal conformal field theory coupled to two dimensional quantum gravity. These closed string states are related to…

In String Theory there often appears a rather interesting class of higher derivative theories containing an infinite set of derivatives in the form of an exponential. These theories may provide a way to tame ultraviolet divergences without…

It has been shown that certain W algebras can be linearized by the inclusion of a spin-1 current. This Provides a way of obtaining new realizations of the W algebras. In this paper, we investigate the new ghost field realizations of the…

We explore the use of random forest and gradient boosting, two powerful tree-based machine learning algorithms, for the detection of cosmic strings in maps of the cosmic microwave background (CMB), through their unique Gott-Kaiser-Stebbins…

We solve the isomorphism problem for braid groups on trees with $n = 4$ or 5 strands. We do so in three main steps, each of which is interesting in its own right. First, we establish some tools and terminology for dealing with computations…

String art is an arrangement of pegs on a board with thread strung between these pegs to form beautiful geometric patterns. In this article, we consider a simple form of string art where pegs are placed on two diverging axes, and segments…

We investigate the space of consistent tree-level extensions of the maximal supergravities in ten dimensions. We parametrize theory space by the first few EFT coefficients and by the on-shell coupling of the lightest massive state, and…

A vertex of degree one in a tree is called an end vertex and a vertex of degree at least three is called a branch vertex. For a graph $G$, let $\sigma_2$ be the minimum degree sum of two nonadjacent vertices in $G$. We consider tree…

p-form gauge theories with Stueckelberg coupling are quantized in an irreducible antifield-BRST way. As a consequence, neither the ghosts of ghosts nor their antifields appear. Some irreducible gauge conditions are inferred naturally within…

We study the star algebra of ghost sector in vacuum string field theory (VSFT). We show that the star product of two states in the Siegel gauge is BRST exact if we take the BRST charge to be the one found in hep-th/0108150, and the BRST…

We study the quantization of systems with local particle-ghost symmetries. The systems contain ordinary particles including gauge bosons and their counterparts obeying different statistics. The particle-ghost symmetry is a kind of fermionic…

Generative models reliant on sequential autoregression have been at the forefront of language generation for an extensive period, particularly following the introduction of widely acclaimed transformers. Despite its excellent performance,…

In this paper, we present a method for speckle pattern design using deep learning. The speckle patterns possess unique features after experiencing convolutions in Speckle-Net, our well-designed framework for speckle pattern generation. We…

We study the $\NN=2$ string theory or the $\NN=4$ topological string on the deformed CHS background. That is, we consider the $\NN=2$ minimal model coupled to the $\NN=2$ Liouville theory. This model describes holographically the…