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For quantum systems that are weakly coupled to a much 'bigger' environment, thermalization of possibly far from equilibrium initial ensembles is demonstrated: for sufficiently large times, the ensemble is for all practical purposes…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-19 Peter Reimann

We observe a significant steady-state deviation from the generalized equipartition theorem, one of the pivotal results of classical statistical mechanics, in a system of confined, laser cooled atoms. We quantify this deviation, measure its…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-04-29 Gadi Afek , Alexander Cheplev , Arnaud Courvoisier , Nir Davidson

Attention is paid to the fact that temperature of a classical black hole can be derived from the extremality condition of its free energy with respect to variation of the mass of a hole. For a quantum Schwarzschild black hole evaporating…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-12-30 D. V. Fursaev

Deep thermalisation -- where ensembles of pure states on a local subsystem, conditioned on measurement outcomes on its complement, approach universal maximum-entropy ensembles -- represents a stronger form of ergodicity than conventional…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-13 Alan Sherry , Sthitadhi Roy

New methods are presented which enables one to analyze the thermodynamics of systems with long-range interactions. Generically, such systems have entropies which are non-extensive, (do not scale with the size of the system). We show how to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-07 Jonathan Oppenheim

We investigate a weak version of subsystem eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) for a two-dimensional large central charge conformal field theory by comparing the local equivalence of high energy state and thermal state of canonical…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-11-22 Song He , Feng-Li Lin , Jia-ju Zhang

String theory and ``quantum geometry'' have recently offered independent statistical mechanical explanations of black hole thermodynamics. But these successes raise a new problem: why should models with such different microscopic degrees of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-04-28 S. Carlip

A general theory is presented for the spatial correlations in the intensity of the radiation emitted by a random medium in thermal equilibrium. We find that a non-zero correlation persists over distances large compared to the transverse…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 M. Patra , C. W. J. Beenakker

The first part of this work provides a review of recent research on generalised entropies and their origin, as well as its application to black hole thermodynamics. To start, it is shown that the Hawking temperature and the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-02-11 Emilio Elizalde , Shin'ichi Nojiri , Sergei D. Odintsov

We assume the validity of the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy, as given in terms of the horizon area of the Bardeen regular black hole, and consider it as the fundamental thermodynamic equation. We derive and investigate the behavior of the main…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-02-10 H. Quevedo , M. N. Quevedo , A. Sanchez

The thermodynamics of nearly-extreme charged black holes depends upon the number of ground states at fixed large charge and upon the distribution of excited energy states. Here three possibilities are examined: (1) Ground state highly…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Don N. Page

The formation and evolution of clusters of galaxies are sensitive to the underlying cosmological model. Constraints on cosmological parameters of cold dark matter models have been derived from mass, temperature and luminosity functions of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 S. M. Molnar , K. Jahoda

The properties of canonical and microcanonical ensembles of a black hole with thermal radiation and the problem of black hole evaporation in 3-D are studied. In 3-D Einstein-anti-de Sitter gravity we have two relevant mass scales,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-08-24 Benni Reznik

In this paper, we investigate the distinctions between realistic quantum chaotic systems and random models from the perspective of observable properties, particularly focusing on the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH). Through…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2025-04-11 Xiao Wang , Jiaozi Wang , Wen-ge Wang

Comparing black hole thermodynamics with the axiomatic formulation of thermodynamics for laboratory systems, it is found that some basic assumptions (required by experimental facts) in laboratory thermodynamics do not hold for black hole…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-03-20 Hiromi Saida

Black hole entropy is derived from a sum over boundary states. The boundary states are labeled by energy and momentum surface densities, and parametrized by the boundary metric. The sum over state labels is expressed as a functional…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-30 David Brown

Statistical mechanics explains thermodynamics in terms of (quantum) mechanics by equating the entropy of a microstate of a closed system with the logarithm of the number of microstates in the macrostate to which it belongs, but the question…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Bernard S. Kay

The clustering property of an equilibrium bipartite correlation is one of the most general thermodynamic properties in non-critical many-body quantum systems. Herein, we consider the thermalization properties of a system class exhibiting…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-05-27 Tomotaka Kuwahara , Keiji Saito

When a non-integrable system evolves out of equilibrium for a long time, local observables are expected to attain stationary expectation values, independent of the details of the initial state. However, intriguing experimental results with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-05-17 Mari Carmen Bañuls , J. Ignacio Cirac , Matthew B. Hastings

Detrended fluctuation analysis is used to investigate correlations between the monthly average of the maximum daily temperatures for different locations in the continental US and the different climates these locations have. When we plot the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 M. L. Kurnaz