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We study soliton solutions of the Nicole model - a non-linear four-dimensional field theory consisting of the CP^1 Lagrangian density to the non-integer power 3/2 - using an ansatz within toroidal coordinates, which is indicated by the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-11 C. Adam , J. Sanchez-Guillen , R. A. Vazquez , A. Wereszczynski

To gain deeper insight into the complex, stable, and robust configurations of magnetic textures, topological characterisation has proven essential. In particular, while the skyrmion number is a well-established topological invariant for 2D…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-04-07 Ross Knapman , Maria Azhar , Alessandro Pignedoli , Louis Gallard , Riccardo Hertel , Jonathan Leliaert , Karin Everschor-Sitte

Links and knots are exotic topological structures that have garnered significant interest across multiple branches of natural sciences. Coherent links and knots, such as those constructed by phase or polarization singularities of coherent…

Optics · Physics 2025-04-08 Zhuoyi Wang , Xingyuan Lu , Zhigang Chen , Yangjian Cai , Chengliang Zhao

For any finite link $L$ in $\mathbb{R}^3$ we prove the existence of a high-energy complex-valued eigenfunction of the hydrogen atom such that its nodal set contains a union of connected components diffeomorphic to $L$. This problem goes…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2017-02-08 Alberto Enciso , David Hartley , Daniel Peralta-Salas

We construct static soliton solutions with non-zero Hopf topological charges to a theory which is an extension of the Skyrme-Faddeev model by the addition of a further quartic term in derivatives. We use an axially symmetric ansatz based on…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-12-07 L. A. Ferreira , Nobuyuki Sawado , Kouichi Toda

We investigate a generalized non-linear O(3) $\sigma$-model in three space dimensions where the fields are maps $S^3 \mapsto S^2$. Such maps are classified by a homotopy invariant called the Hopf number which takes integer values. The model…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-30 Jens Gladikowski , Meik Hellmund

We discuss the $U(1)$ gauged version of the 3+1 dimensional Faddeev-Skyrme model supplemented by the Maxwell term. We show that there exist axially symmetric static solutions coupled to the non-integer toroidal flux of magnetic field, which…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-05-21 Ya. Shnir , G. Zhilin

Localized magnetic topological solitons with Hopf index of 1 in an unbounded bulk magnet are studied theoretically, starting with the classical micromagnetic Hamiltonian. It is shown analytically that (like Bloch and N\'eel walls in…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-05-30 Konstantin L. Metlov

It is shown that the causal structure associated to string-like solutions of the Fadeev-Niemi (FN) model is described by an effective metric. Remarkably, the surfaces characterising the causal replacement depend on the energy momentum…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-03-05 Érico Goulart

This Letter deals with topological solitons in an O(3) sigma model in three space dimensions (with a Skyrme term to stabilize their size). The solitons are classified topologically by their Hopf number N. The N=2 sector is studied; in…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-31 R. S. Ward

Nonlinear sigma models compatible with the aratyn-Ferreira-Zimerman ansatz are discussed, the latter ansatz automatically leading to configurations with definite values of the Hopf index. These models are allowed to involve a weight factor…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-07 Minoru Hirayama , Chang-Guang Shi

The Hopf index, a topological invariant that quantifies the linking of preimage fibers, is fundamental to the structure and stability of hopfions. In this work, we propose a new mathematical framework for modeling hopfions with high Hopf…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-04-21 Yuta Nozaki , Darian Hall , Ivan I. Smalyukh , Yuya Koda

We construct non-axially symmetric static soliton solutions, with non-zero topological charges, of an extension of the Skyrme-Faddeev model. The model has an extra quartic-derivative term and we choose its coupling to the Skyrme-term to be…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-11-06 David Foster

We construct static and time-dependent exact soliton solutions with non-trivial Hopf topological charge for a field theory in 3+1 dimensions with the target space being the two dimensional sphere S**2. The model considered is a reduction of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-04-08 L. A. Ferreira , A. C. Riserio do Bonfim

The Skyrme-Faddeev model is a three-dimensional non-linear field theory that has topological soliton solutions, called hopfions, which are novel string-like solutions taking the form of knots and links. Solutions found thus far take the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-07-22 Paul Jennings

Solitonic symmetry has been believed to follow the homotopy-group classification of topological solitons. Here, we point out a more sophisticated algebraic structure when solitons of different dimensions coexist in the spectrum. We uncover…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-07-11 Shi Chen , Yuya Tanizaki

We present a direct connection between torus knots and Hopfions by finding stable and static solutions of the extended Faddeev-Skyrme model with a ferromagnetic potential term. (P,Q)--torus knots consisting of |Q| sine-Gordon kink strings…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-12-17 Michikazu Kobayashi , Muneto Nitta

We investigate the soliton structure of novel (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear partial differential evolution(NLPDE) equations which may govern the behavior of a barothropic relaxing medium beneath high-frequency perturbations. As a result, we…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-09-28 Kuetche Kamgang Victor , Bouetou Bouetou Thomas , Timoleon Crepin Kofane

Optical knots and links, consisting of trajectories of phase or polarisation singularities, are intriguing nontrivial three-dimensional topologies. They are theoretically predicted and experimentally observed in paraxial and non-paraxial…

Optics · Physics 2023-04-03 Nazanin Dehghan , Alessio D'Errico , Tareq Jaouni , Ebrahim Karimi

Three-dimensional (3D) topological insulators in general need to be protected by certain kinds of symmetries other than the presumed $U(1)$ charge conservation. A peculiar exception is the Hopf insulators which are 3D topological insulators…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2013-11-19 Dong-Ling Deng , Sheng-Tao Wang , Chao Shen , Lu-Ming Duan