Related papers: Physically inspired analysis of prime number const…
Probabilistic cross-identification has been successfully applied to a number of problems in astronomy from matching simple point sources to associating stars with unknown proper motions and even radio observations with realistic morphology.…
We consider diffusion limited aggregation of particles of two different kinds. It is assumed that a particle of one kind may adhere only to another particle of the same kind. The particles aggregate on a linear substrate which consists of…
An early burst of speciation followed by a subsequent slowdown in the rate of diversification is commonly inferred from molecular phylogenies. This pattern is consistent with some verbal theory of ecological opportunity and adaptive…
Special prime families (twin, Sophie Germain, safe, cousin, sexy, Chen, and isolated primes) are central objects of analytic number theory, yet no efficiently computable probabilistic filter exists for identifying likely members among known…
Given a (possibly infinite) subset $A$ of the natural numbers, we ask how many times a fair six-sided die must be rolled until the rolled numbers add up to an element of $A$. Using a one-dimensional dynamic programming recursion together…
This is a survey article on prime number races. Chebyshev noticed in the first half of the nineteenth century that for any given value of x, there always seem to be more primes of the form 4n+3 less than x then there are of the form 4n+1.…
A well-known conjecture asserts that, for any given positive real number $\lambda$ and nonnegative integer $m$, the proportion of positive integers $n \le x$ for which the interval $(n,n + \lambda\log n]$ contains exactly $m$ primes is…
Statistical mechanics for states with complex eigenvalues, which are described by Gel'fand triplet and represent unstable states like resonances, are discussed on the basis of principle of equal ${\it a priori}$ probability. A new entropy…
Massive stars are known to have a high multiplicity, with examples of higher order multiples among the nearest and best studied objects. In this paper we study hierarchical multiple systems (an inner binary as a component of a wider binary)…
We consider fixed-point equations for probability measures charging measured compact metric spaces that naturally yield continuum random trees. On the one hand, we study the existence/uniqueness of the fixed-points and the convergence of…
The occurrence and the distribution of patterns of trees associated to natural numbers are investigated. Bounds from above and below are proven for certain natural quantities.
Since the mathematicians of ancient Greece until Fermat, since Gauss until today; the way how the primes along the numerical straight line are distributed has become perhaps the most difficult math problem; many people believe that their…
Ordinary binary multiplication of natural numbers can be generalized in a non-trivial way to a ternary operation by considering discrete volumes of lattice hexagons. With this operation, a natural notion of `3-primality' -- primality with…
Currently there is no known efficient formula for primes. Besides that, prime numbers have great importance in e.g., information technology such as public-key cryptography, and their position and possible or impossible functional generation…
Compression of integer sets and sequences has been extensively studied for settings where elements follow a uniform probability distribution. In addition, methods exist that exploit clustering of elements in order to achieve higher…
A linear combination $aT_r(m)+bT_s(n)$ of an \mbox{$r$-gonal} number $T_r(m)$ and an $s$-gonal number $T_s(n)$ with mutually coprime positive integer coefficients $a$ and $b$ produces infinitely many primes as $m$ and~$n$ varies over the…
The probability distribution for the number of top to bottom spanning clusters in Directed percolation in two and three dimensions appears to be universal and is of the form $P(n) \sim \exp(-\alpha n^2)$. We argue that $\alpha$ is a new…
To determine whether a number is congruent or not is an old and difficult topic and progress is slow. The paper presents a new theorem when a prime number is a congruent number or not. The proof is not necessarily any simpler or shorter…
A celebrated analogy between prime factorizations of integers and cycle decompositions of permutations is explored here. Asymptotic formulas characterizing semismooth numbers (possessing at most several large factors) carry over to random…
ABSTRACT. In this article we present a point of view that highlights the importance of finding the upper bounds for prime gaps, in order to solve the twin primes conjecture and the Goldbach conjecture. For this purpose, we present a…