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The surface Hamiltonian corresponding to the surface part of a gravitational action has $xp$ structure where $p$ is conjugate momentum of $x$. Moreover, it leads to $TS$ on the horizon of a black hole. Here $T$ and $S$ are temperature and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-12-30 Ashish Bakshi , Bibhas Ranjan Majhi , Saurav Samanta

There has been, quite recently, a discussion on how holographic-inspired bounds might be used to encompass the present-day dark energy and early-universe inflation into a single paradigm. In the current treatment, we point out an…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-11 A. J. M. Medved

We analyse the laws of thermodynamics governing the behaviour of cosmological horizons in de Sitter space and their map to a holographic description at future infinity, $\mathcal{I}^+$. In this case, the boundary can receive signals from…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-04-29 Indranil Dey , Kanhu Kishore Nanda , Akashdeep Roy , Deepak Kumar Sharma , Sandip P. Trivedi

We propose a new holographic program of gravity in which we introduce a surface stress tensor. Our proposal differs from Verlinde's in several aspects. First, we use an open or a closed screen, a temperature is not necessary but a surface…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-11-29 Wei Gu , Miao Li , Rong-Xin Miao

Using the Bekenstein upper bound for the ratio of the entropy $S$ of any bounded system, with energy $E = Mc^2$ and effective size $R$, to its energy $E$ i.e. $S/E < 2\pi k R/\hbar c$, we combine it with the holographic principle (HP) bound…

General Physics · Physics 2012-12-11 Antonio Alfonso-Faus , Màrius Josep Fullana i Alfonso

An equidistant spectrum of the horizon area of a quantized black hole does not follow from the correspondence principle or from general statistical arguments. On the other hand, such a spectrum obtained in loop quantum gravity (LQG) either…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-17 I. B. Khriplovich

We show that in the standard derivation of the holographic dark energy some conceptual issues are present. In particular, the formula used in the literature to avoid black holes is not suitable in expanding universes. A more suitable…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-12-11 Stefano Viaggiu

We identify quantum geometric bounds for observables in non-Hermitian systems. We find unique bounds on non-Hermitian quantum geometric tensors, generalized two-point response correlators, conductivity tensors, and optical weights. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-30 Milosz Matraszek , Wojciech J. Jankowski , Jan Behrends

Holographic duality describes gravitational theories in terms of quantum many-body systems. In holography, quantum information theory provides a crucial tool that directly connects microscopic structures of these systems to the geometries…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-06-24 Tadashi Takayanagi

The holographic principle states that the number of degrees of freedom describing the physics inside a volume (including gravity) is bounded by the area of the boundary (also called the screen) which encloses this volume. A stronger…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Carsten van de Bruck

We review aspects of the thermodynamics of black holes and in particular take into account the fact that the quantum entanglement between the degrees of freedom of a scalar field, traced inside the event horizon, can be the origin of black…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-07-28 Saurya Das , S. Shankaranarayanan , Sourav Sur

We study a topological field theory in four dimensions on a manifold with boundary. A bulk-boundary interaction is introduced through a novel variational principle rather than explicitly. Through this scheme we find that the boundary values…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-01-06 Viqar Husain , Sebastian Jaimungal

Based upon the holographic principle, Jacobson demonstrated that the spacetime can be viewed as a gas of atoms with a related entropy given by the Bekenstein-Hawking formula. Following this argument, Friedmann equations can be derived by…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-10-13 C. A. S. Silva

Now that the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy has been found within the traditional theory, its physical interpretation should hide in quantum field theory in curved spacetime (only its quantum corrections require a detailed knowledge of quantum…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-05-30 Zhi-Yong Wang

An approach to quantum gravity and cosmology is proposed based on a synthesis of four elements: 1) the Bekenstein bound and the related holographic hypothesis of 't Hooft and Susskind, 2) topological quantum field theory, 3) a new approach…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-02-03 Lee Smolin

On a manifold with boundary, the constraint algebra of general relativity may acquire a central extension, which can be computed using covariant phase space techniques. When the boundary is a (local) Killing horizon, a natural set of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-04-28 S. Carlip

The Bekenstein-Hawking black hole area entropy law suggests that the quantum degrees of freedom of black holes may be realized as projections of quantum states unto the event horizon of the black hole. In this paper, we provide further…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-07 Ramzi R. Khuri

I describe how gravitational entropy is intimately connected with the concept of gravitational heat, expressed as the difference between the total and free energies of a given gravitational system. From this perspective one can compute…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-10-12 R. B. Mann

The entropy of a de Sitter horizon was derived long ago by Gibbons and Hawking via a gravitational partition function. Since there is no boundary at which to define the temperature or energy of the ensemble, the statistical foundation of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-07-14 Batoul Banihashemi , Ted Jacobson

In this paper, the isolated horizons with rotation are considered. It is shown that the symplectic form is the same as that in the nonrotating case. As a result, the boundary degrees of freedom can be also described by an SO$(1,1)$ BF…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-07-06 Jingbo Wang , Chao-Guang Huang