Related papers: The Standard Model and Beyond
While many observations support the validity of Einstein's general relativity as the theory of gravity, there are yet many that suggest the presence of new physics. In order to explain the high-redshift supernovae Ia observations together…
Nonzero neutrino masses are the first definitive need to extend the standard model. After reviewing the basic framework, I describe the status of some of the major issues, including tests of the basic framework of neutrino masses and…
Without going to the details, I give a short, qualitative and historical description of the development of the Standard Model, from quantum electrodynamics, further through quantum chromodynamics, then to weak interactions with parity- and…
Standard Model extensions often predict low-mass and very weakly interacting particles, such as the axion. A number of small-scale experiments at the intensity/precision frontier are actively searching for these elusive particles,…
The precision era of multi-messenger astronomy, together with modern astrophysical, cosmological, and gravitational wave observations, increasingly points toward the existence of a ``dark" sector that cannot be explained within the…
Despite the interest in dark matter and dark energy, it has never been shown that they are in fact two separate substances. We provide the first strong evidence that they are separate by ruling out a broad class of so-called unified dark…
After the observation in 2012 of a new scalar particle closely resembling the Higgs boson of the Standard Model of particle physics, there is a general consensus that there must be Physics Beyond the Standard Model, with present experiments…
It is now well accepted that both Dark Matter and Dark Energy are required in any successful cosmological model. Although there is ample evidence that both Dark components are necessary, the conventional theories make no prediction for the…
Model uncertainty is a crucial issue in statistics, econometrics and machine learning, yet its definition remains ambiguous and is subject to various interpretations in the literature. So far, there has not been a universally accepted…
The XXXVIIth Rencontres de Moriond on "The Cosmological Model" is briefly summarized. Almost none of the current observations argues against the popular Cold Dark Matter + Lambda concordance model. However, it remains to be tested how…
Despite its continued observational successes, there is a persistent (and growing) interest in extending cosmology beyond the standard model, $\Lambda$CDM. This is motivated by a range of apparently serious theoretical issues, involving…
The Standard Cosmological Model has experienced tremendous success at reproducing observational data by assuming a universe dominated by a cosmological constant and dark matter in a flat geometry. However, several studies, based on local…
The physics of the expansion of the universe is still a poorly studied subject of the standard cosmological model. This because the concept of expanding space can not be tested in the laboratory and because ``expansion'' means continuous…
A large number of recent observational data strongly suggest that we live in a flat, accelerating Universe composed of $\sim$ 1/3 of matter (baryonic + dark) and $\sim$ 2/3 of an exotic component with large negative pressure, usually named…
We discuss the status of the SM - The principles - The Lagrangian - The problems - Open questions - The ways beyond. Then we consider possible physics beyond the SM - New symmetries (Gauge, SUSY, etc) - New particles (gauge, axion,…
The Standard Model of particle physics has been remarkably successful in describing present experimental results. However, it is assumed to be only a low-energy effective theory which will break down at higher energy scales, theoretically…
Supersymmetric Standard Model has been built to solve the hierarchy problem which is encountered whenever Standard Model is incorporated into a theory with a larger mass scale. Experimentally, one of the first signals of physics beyond…
The Dualized Standard Model which has a number of very interesting physical consequences is itself based on the concept of a nonabelian generalization to electric-magnetic duality. This paper explains first the reasons why the ordinary…
New systematic classification of cosmological models of the present Universe is introduced. After making the comparison of these models with all existing observational data three viable models remain: the cold dark matter model with the…
In this summary we present the current status of the Standard Model of strong and electroweak interactions from the theoretical and experimental point of view. Some discussion is also devoted to the exploration of possible New Physics…