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The Dirac equation is used to describe oblique spin-conserving and spin-flip reflections of relativistic electrons from a one-dimensional potential barrier in a vacuum. When an electron hits the barrier from an oblique direction, its…
This article investigates some solutions of the time-dependent free Dirac equation. Visualizations of these solutions immediately reveal strange phenomena that are caused by the interference of positive- and negative-energy waves. The…
In the present paper, we study a singular double phase variable exponent Dirichlet problem in the setting of a new Musielak-Orlicz Sobolev space with the nonlinearity (the external source) having gradient dependence (so-called convection…
The loop quantization of Brans-Dicke theory (with coupling parameter $\omega\neq-3/2$) is studied. In the geometry-dynamical formalism, the canonical structure and constraint algebra of this theory are similar to those of general relativity…
The essence of special relativity is hiding in the equal existence of particle and antiparticle, which can be expressed by two discrete symmetries within one inertial frame --- the invariance under the (newly defined) space-time inversion…
A class of nonlinear Fokker-Planck equations with superlinear drift is investigated in the $L^1$-supercritical regime, which exhibits a finite critical mass. The equations have a formal Wasserstein-like gradient-flow structure with a convex…
Quantum Dirac constraints in generic constrained system are solved by directly calculating in the one-loop approximation the path integral with relativistic gauge fixing procedure. The calculations are based on the reduction algorithms for…
Part I of this paper introduced the infinite dimensional Lagrange-Dirac theory for physical systems on the space of differential forms over a smooth manifold with boundary. This approach is particularly well-suited for systems involving…
Dirac formalism of Hamiltonian constraint systems is studied for the noncommutative Abelian Proca field. It is shown that the system of constraints are of second class in agreement with the fact that the Proca field is not guage invariant.…
By a series of simple examples, we illustrate how the lack of mathematical concern can readily lead to surprising mathematical contradictions in wave mechanics. The basic mathematical notions allowing for a precise formulation of the theory…
Using a Dirac-matrix substitution rule, applied to the electric charge, the anomalous magnetic moments of fermions are incorporated in local form in the two-body relativistic wave equations of constraint theory. The structure of the…
The relativistic 2-body problem, much like the non-relativistic one, is reduced to describing the motion of an effective particle in an external field. The concept of a relativistic reduced mass and effective particle energy introduced some…
A novel interpretation is given of Dirac's "wave equation for the relativistic electron" as a quantum-mechanical one-particle equation. In this interpretation the electron and the positron are merely the two different "topological spin"…
One of the outstanding problems of classical celestial mechanics was the restricted 3-body prob- lem, in which a planetoid of small mass is subject to the Newtonian attraction of two celestial bodies of large mass, as it occurs, for…
We study the deformation quantisation (Moyal quantisation) of general constrained Hamiltonian systems. It is shown how second class constraints can be turned into first class quantum constraints. This is illustrated by the O(N) non-linear…
The Dirac equation in a curved spacetime depends on a field of coefficients (essentially the Dirac matrices), for which a continuum of different choices are possible. We study the conditions under which a change of the coefficient fields…
The big mass difference between the pion and rho meson possibly originates from the spin-dependent nature of the interactions in the two states since these two states are similar except for spin. Both pi and rho are quark-antiquark systems…
The relationship between the Dirac and reduced phase space quantizations is investigated for spin models belonging to the class of Hamiltonian systems having no gauge conditions. It is traced out that the two quantization methods may give…
Whether the Dirac sea model is right is verifiable. Assuming the Dirac sea is a physical reality, we have one imagination that a negative energy particle(s) in the sea and a usual positive energy particle(s) will form a neutral atom. The…
The hydrodynamic formulation of the Dirac equation has historically been hindered by the inability to close the system of physical variables without resorting to infinite moment hierarchies. We resolve this longstanding issue by developing…