Related papers: Intercommutation of Z-string loops violates baryon…
Massive and massless potentials play an essential role in the perturbative formulation of particle interactions. Many difficulties arise due to the indefinite metric in gauge theoretic approaches, or the increase with the spin of the UV…
We present a relativistic description of electron vortex beams in a homogeneous magnetic field. Including spin from the beginning reveals that spin-polarized electron vortex beams have a complicated azimuthal current structure, containing…
We observe a relation between closed strings tachyons and one-loop instabilities in non-supersymmetric non-commutative gauge theories. In particular we analyze the spectra of type IIB string theory on C^3/Z_N orbifold singularities and the…
The normal confining phase of gauge theories is characterised by the condensation of magnetic monopoles and center vortices. Sometimes in coupled gauge system one finds another phase with simultaneous condensation of electric and magnetic…
The conjecture that helicity (or knottedness) is a fundamental conserved quantity has a rich history in fluid mechanics, but the nature of this conservation in the presence of dissipation has proven difficult to resolve. Making use of…
Earlier attempts to calculate the nonlinear dynamical evolution of Witten type superconducting vacuum vortex defects relied on the use of approximate conducting string models that were too simple to take proper account of the effect of…
A scenario for the generation of the baryon asymmetry in the early Universe is proposed in which cosmic string loops, predicted by theories where the baryon and/or lepton numbers are gauged symmetries, collapse during the friction dominated…
Baryon number violation is discussed in gauge unified orbifold models of type II string theory with intersecting Dirichlet branes. We consider setups of D6-branes which extend along the flat Minkowski space-time directions and wrap around…
We study junctions between confining strings. These junctions arise in Yang-Mills theories, and we focus on their universal low-energy dynamics. Using open-closed duality, we map junctions with nonlinear corrections to the $s$-wave…
We study time-reversal~(T) asymmetries in the charmless two-body decays of antitriplet bottom baryons. We find that in ${\bf B}_b \to {\bf B}_n P$ with ${\bf B}_b = (\Xi _b ^- , \,\Xi_b^0, \,\Lambda_b)$ and ${\bf B}_n(P)$ a octet baryon…
We point out that if neutron--antineutron oscillation is observed in a free neutron oscillation experiment, it will put an upper limit on the strengths of Lorentz invariance violating (LIV) mass operators for neutrons at the level of…
Cosmic strings in non-abelian gauge theories naturally gain a spectrum of massless, or light, excitations arising from their embedding in color and flavor space. This opens up the possibility that colliding strings miss each other in the…
Baryon number violation is our most sensitive probe of physics beyond the Standard Model, especially through the study of nucleon decays. Angular momentum conservation requires a lepton in the final state of such decays, kinematically…
We study aspects of obtaining field theories with noncommuting time-space coordinates as limits of open-string theories in constant electric-field backgrounds. We find that, within the standard closed-string backgrounds, there is an…
When interacting spin systems possess non-zero magnetization or topological entanglement entropy below the transition temperature, they often serve as classical or quantum self-correcting memory. In particular, their memory time grows…
It is pointed out that the sine law for the k-string tension emerges as the critical threshold below which the spatial Z_N symmetry of the static baryon potential is spontaneously broken. This result applies not only to SU(N) gauge…
We show that artificial magnetism of periodic dielectric or metal/dielectric structures has limitations and is subject to at least two "uncertainty principles". First, the stronger the magnetic response (the deviation of the effective…
The large relativistic corrections to the constituent quark current operators improve the predictions for the axial couplings of the baryons, but worsen those for their magnetic moments. The exchange current corrections that are associated…
We show how the maximally helicity violating (MHV) scattering amplitudes for gravitons can be related to current correlators and vertex operators in twistor space. This is similar to what happens in Yang-Mills theory and raises the…
Corrections to the masses of baryons from baryon-meson loops can induce splittings between baryons which are comparable to those arising from the residual interactions between the quarks. These corrections are calculated using a…