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We present a new Lorentz gauge invariant U(1) topological field theory in Riemann-Cartan spacetime manifold $U_{4}$. By virtue of the decomposition theory of U(1) gauge potential and the $ \phi $--mapping topological current theory, it is…
Blazar observations point toward the possible presence of magnetic fields over intergalactic scales of the order of up to $\sim1\,$Mpc, with strengths of at least $\sim10^{-16}\,$G. Understanding the origin of these large-scale magnetic…
Using lattice techniques we investigate the generation of long range cosmological magnetic fields during a cold electroweak transition. We will show how magnetic fields arise, during bubble collisions, in the form of magnetic strings. We…
I review a number of particle-physics models that lead to the creation of magnetic fields in the early universe and address the complex problem of evolving such primordial magnetic fields into the fields observed today. Implications for…
Magnetic fields are observed not only in stars, but in galaxies, clusters, and even high redshift Lyman-alpha systems. In principle, these fields could play an important role in structure formation and also affect the anisotropies in the…
We study string formation and dynamics in a scalar field theory with a global $U(1)$ symmetry. If a scalar field $\Phi$ is initially displaced from the minimum of a wine-bottle potential, even if uniformly over large spatial patches, small…
A full quantum description of global vortex strings is presented in the framework of a pure Higgs system with a broken global U(1) symmetry in 3+1D. An explicit expression for the string creation operator is obtained, both in terms of the…
We consider the hypothesis that galactic magnetic fields are primordial. We also discuss the various objections to this hypothesis. We assume that there was a magnetic field present in the galactic plasma before the galaxy formed. After the…
We discuss structure formation in cosmic string theories. Emphasis is laid on the properties of the peculiar velocity field, non-gaussian features and clusters of galaxies. It is found that the predicted peculiar velocity field is quiet…
We describe the detailed study and results of high-resolution numerical simulations of string-induced structure formation in open universes and those with a non-zero cosmological constant. The effect from small loops generated from the…
Bianchi type I massive string cosmological model with magnetic field of barotropic perfect fluid distribution through the techniques used by Latelier and Stachel, is investigated. To get the deterministic model of the universe, it is…
Different mechanisms which may possibly explain existence of magnetic fields on astronomically large scales are described. A recently suggested model of magnetic fields generation slightly before hydrogen recombination is discussed in more…
Within two specific string cosmology scenarios --differing in the way the pre- and post-big bang phases are joined-- we compute the size and spectral slope of various types of cosmologically amplified quantum fluctuations that arise in…
Systems of interacting networks of strings such as cosmic strings or quantum vortices can be approximated in a certain regime as an anisotropic fluid with an equation of state depending on a conserved flux. The equations for ideal…
Cosmic strings are predicted in many models beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. In models which admit strings, a network of strings will inevitably be formed in a phase transition in the early universe and will persist to the…
Generation of large-scale magnetic fields is studied in dilaton electromagnetism in noncommutative inflationary cosmology, taking into account the effects of the spacetime uncertainty principle motivated by string theory. We show that it is…
A Bianchi type I string cosmological model in the presence of a magnetic flux is investigated. A few plausible assumptions regarding the parametrization of the cosmic string and magneto-fluid are introduced and some exact analytical…
In this paper we investigate the theory behind the results in [11]. In [11] we calculated the magnetic dipole moment of the muon and the electric dipole moments of the muon, electron and the neutron (in a simple quark model) to first order…
We address the question of finding stable and metastable cosmic strings in quasi-realistic heterotic M-theory compactifications with stabilized moduli. According to Polchinski's conjecture, the only stable strings in the absence of massless…
In these lectures we review the constraints on particle physics models arising from cosmic defects. This includes constraints on theories where stable cosmic string loops, or vortons result. These can arise in supersymmetric theories. We…