Related papers: Percolation and cosmic ray physics above $10^{17}$…
We present the first hybrid measurement of the average muon number in air showers at ultra-high energies, initiated by cosmic rays with zenith angles between $62^\circ$ and $80^\circ$. The measurement is based on 174 hybrid events recorded…
Uncertainty of the hyperon couplings, in particular, that of the $\Sigma^-$, in dense matter raises the question of the behavior of the electrochemical potential in neutron star matter, which is crucial to the possible presence of the kaon…
Using the concept developed in earlier papers, that the cosmic rays originate in three different main sites, a) the normal supernova explosions into the interstellar medium, b) the supernova explosions into a stellar wind, and c) powerful…
There are multiple techniques to determine the chemical composition of the ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. While most of the methods are primarily sensitive to the average atomic mass, it is challenging to discriminate between the two…
The nuclear equation of state (EoS) is investigated by flow phenomena in relativistic heavy-ion collisions, both in transverse and radial direction, in comparison to experimental data from 150 A MeV to 11 A GeV. To this aim the collective…
The development of extensive air showers at extreme energies is studied using a simulation model much simpler and cruder, but also more transparent and flexible, than existing sophisticated codes. Evidence for its satisfactory performance…
The transition from galactic to extragalactic cosmic rays is discussed. One of critical indications for transition is given by the Standard Model of Galactic cosmic rays, according to which the maximum energy of acceleration for iron nuclei…
Experimental giant monopole resonance energies are now known to constrain nuclear incompressibility of symmetric nuclear matter $K$ and its density slope $M$ at a particular value of sub-saturation density, the crossing density $\rho_c$.…
Cosmic ray events above $10^{20}$ eV are on the verge of confronting fundamental particle physics. The neutrino is the only candidate primary among established particles capable of crossing 100 Mpc intergalactic distances unimpeded. The…
We discuss the problem of cosmic ray mass composition variation in wide energy region 10^{14}-10^{20} eV. The mass composition predicted in the framework of recently developed anomalous diffusion model is tested using the results of CORSIKA…
We analyze the role of electromagnetic field for the stability of shearing viscous star with spherical symmetry. Matching conditions are given for the interior and exterior metrics. We use perturbation scheme to construct the collapse…
Neutron kinetic energy spectra in coincidence with low-energy $\gamma $-ray multiplicities have been measured around $A\approx $ 110 in the $^{16}$O, $^{20}$Ne + $^{93}$Nb reactions in a compound nuclear excitation energy range of $\approx…
The attenuation of the electron shower size beyond the shower maximum is studied with the KASCADE extensive air shower experiment in the primary energy range of about $10^{14}-10^{16}$ eV. Attenuation and absorption lengths are determined…
The impressive power-law decay of the energy spectrum of cosmic rays over more than thirty orders of magnitude in intensity and for energies ranging over eleven decades between $\simeq 10^9 $eV and $\simeq 10^{20} $eV is actually dotted…
Surface detector arrays are designed to measure the spectrum and composition of high-energy cosmic rays by detecting the secondary particle flux of the Extensive Air Showers (EAS) induced by the primary cosmic rays. Electromagnetic…
For a dense stellar matter, which is electrically neutral and in beta equilibrium, the electron chemical potential, mu_e, will depend nontrivially on baryonic matter density. It is generally expected that as density increases, the electron…
The universe should be dark at energies exceeding $\sim 5\times 10^{19}$ eV. This simple but solid prediction of our best known particle physics is not confirmed by observations, that seem to suggest a quite different picture. Numerous…
At higher energies the uncertainty in the estimated cosmic ray mass composition, extracted from the observed distributions of the depth of shower maximum $X_\text{max}$, is dominated by uncertainties in the hadronic interaction models.…
The measurements of proton-proton elastic scattering for large momentum transfer at energies in the range $\approx$ 20 to 60 GeV show a simple behaviour of form $d \sigma/dt \approx {\rm const}~|t|^{-8}$, apparently with no energy…
This analysis aims to determine the mass composition and energy of cosmic rays at energies above 100 TeV based on the lateral distribution of extensive air showers. Here, we propose quite a few air shower observables for reconstructing the…