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Hydrodynamics accurately describes relativistic heavy-ion collision experiments well before local thermal equilibrium is established. This unexpectedly rapid onset of hydrodynamics -- which takes place on the fastest available timescale --…
A generalized fluctuation-response relation is found for thermal systems driven out of equilibrium. Its derivation is independent of many details of the dynamics, which is only required to be first-order. The result gives a correction to…
In the initial stage of the bottom-up picture of thermalization in heavy ion collisions, the gluon distribution is highly anisotropic which can give rise to plasma instability. This has not been taken account in the original paper. It is…
The thermalization of quark-gluon plasma created in heavy-ion collisions is crucial for understanding its behavior as a relativistic fluid and the thermodynamic properties of the Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). This study investigates the…
Deviations from thermal distribution functions of produced particles in relativistic heavy-ion collisions are discussed as indicators for nonequilibrium processes. The focus is on rapidity distributions of produced charged hadrons as…
Particle azimuth distributions are widely studied in heavy-ion collisions. They are often expanded in Fourier series to extract anisotropic flow harmonics simultaneously. It was recently proposed that the different orders of flows could…
Due to the rapid longitudinal expansion of the quark-gluon plasma created in relativistic heavy ion collisions, potentially large local rest frame momentum-space anisotropies are generated. The magnitude of these momentum-space anisotropies…
Relativistic heavy ion collisions have reached energies that enable the creation of a novel state of matter termed the quark-gluon plasma. Many observables point to a picture of the medium as rapidly equilibrating and expanding as a nearly…
Fluctuation relations for the entropy production in non equilibrium stationary states of Ising models are investigated by Monte Carlo simulations. Systems in contact with heat baths at two different temperatures or subject to external…
We provide a generalized formulation of fluctuating hydrodynamics for the far-from-equilibrium noisy medium. As an example, we consider a noisy plasma experiencing Bjorken expansion, for which the leading order evolution is captured by…
Hadron spectra and elliptic flow in high-energy heavy-ion collisions are studied within a (3+1)D ideal hydrodynamic model with fluctuating initial conditions given by the AMPT Monte Carlo model. Results from event-by-event simulations are…
Hadron spectra and elliptic flow in relativistic heavy-ion collisions are studied in event-by-event (3+1)D ideal hydrodynamic simulations with fluctuating initial conditions given by the AMPT Monte Carlo model. Both the coherent soft gluon…
When one considers a shock wave in the frame where the shock is at rest, on either side one has a steady flow which converges to equilibrium away from the shock. However, hydrodynamics is unable to describe this flow if the asymptotic…
The breaking of detailed balance, the symmetry between forward and backward probability transition between two states, is crucial to understand irreversible systems. In hydrodynamic turbulence, a far-from equilibrium system, we observe a…
We propose to characterize heavy-ion collisions at ultra-relativistic energies by using fluctuations of energy density and temperature. Temperature fluctuations on an event-by-event basis have been studied both in terms of global…
Recent development of a hydrodynamic model is discussed by putting an emphasis on realistic treatment of the early and late stages in relativistic heavy ion collisions. The model, which incorporates a hydrodynamic description of the…
The formation and collective expansion of the fireball formed in ultrarelativistic p-A and d-A collisions is discussed. Predictions of the hydrodynamic model are compared to recent experimental results. The presence of strong final state…
A system of equations for anisotropic hydrodynamics is derived that describes a mixture of anisotropic quark and gluon fluids. The consistent treatment of the zeroth, first and second moments of the kinetic equations allows us to construct…
Event-by-event hydrodynamics, with fluctuating initial conditions, has shown to nicely reproduce several features of experimentally observed quantities in high-energy nuclear collisions. Here we discuss how it may help to understand, in a…
We investigate how relativistic, nonabelian plasmas approach equilibrium in a general context. Our treatment is entirely parametric and for small Yang-Mills coupling $\alpha$. First we study isotropic systems with an initially…