Related papers: How many quarks and leptons ?
We describe pentaquarks as baryo-charmonia with a color octet $c\bar{c}$ core bonded to a color octet three-quark system. Fermi statistics of the light quark cloud allows to describe two pentaquark triplets: a lower one, well supported by…
Selected problems in heavy quark physics are discussed. The wealth of research problems in this field of physics is stressed.
We propose a model of generations that has exactly three generations. This model has several attractive features: There is a simple mechanism to produce the CKM quark mixings and their neutrino analogs. There are definite predictions for…
A previously developed lepton mass equation is extended to include the massive bosons and quarks of all three generations. The particles are modeled as closed, string-like, light front solitons whose key quantum numbers are their node…
It is shown that an idea proposed in 1996 that relates in a qualitatively correct way the inter-family mass hierarchies of the up quarks, down quarks, charged leptons, and neutrinos, can be combined with a predictive scheme recently…
Considering the present limits on the masses of fourth family quarks from the Tevatron experiments, the fourth family quarks are expected to have mass larger than the top quark. Due to their expected large mass they could have different…
The approach unifying all the internal degrees of freedom - proposed by one of us - is offering a new way of understanding families of quarks and leptons. Spinors, namely, living in d(=1+13)-dimensional space, manifest in the observed…
We build a model which is based on the assumption that the {\bf c} and {\bf s,b} quarks are excited states of {\bf u} and {\bf d} quarks. This model predicts the non-existence of the {\bf top} quark and estimates the size of the quarks to…
We show that a fourth family of quarks with $m_{t'}$ in the range of (400 - 600) GeV provides a rather simple explanation for the several indications of new physics that have been observed involving CP asymmetries of the b-quark. The…
The link of the Division Algebras to 10-dimensional spacetime and one leptoquark family is extended to 26-dimensional spacetime and three leptoquark families.
Based on the experimental data and estimations of the charged leptons and quarks masses, a close power law with exponent 3/4 has been found, connecting charged leptons masses and up quarks masses. A similar mass relation has been suggested…
A simple breaking of the subnuclear democracy among the quarks leads to a mixing between the second and the third family, in agreement with observation. Introducing the mixing between the first and the second family, one finds an…
A Hexad Preon model where leptons, quarks and W Z bosons are composite is proposed. Six Hexad Preons transform under $U(3)\otimes U(3)$ local gauge theory which is identified with $U(1)_Q\otimes SU(3)_C\otimes SU(3)_f\otimes U(1)_w$. All…
Recently, formulas for the mixing matrices of quarks and leptons have been put forward. My contribution here describes the relevant foundational and technical aspects which have led to those results. The work has been carried out in the…
The successful A4 family symmetry for leptons is applied to quarks, motivated by the quark-lepton assignments of SU(5). Realistic quark masses and mixing angles are obtained, in good agreement with data. In particular, we find a strong…
As the excitement surrounding the heavy top quark discovery subsides, while the expectation for LEP II physics gathers, it is a good time to sit back and reflect on whether energy regions available to us have been fully explored. We…
The mass hierarchies of quarks and charged leptons as well as a large $\n_\m$-$\n_\t$ mixing angle are naturally explained by the Frogatt-Nielsen mechanism with a nonparallel family structure of chiral charges. We extend this mechanism to…
3 families of 4-dimensional lattices $L_k, M_k, M_k / 2 \subset \mathbb{R}^2$ are defined. Each lattice is defined by 2 quadratic extensions and has a \emph{finite} number of unit vectors, but the number of unit vectors in each of the 3…
We examine the structure of the quaternion group $Q_8$ and its possible application to the physics of flavor. We find that a $Q_8$ family symmetry is suitable to explain the difference between quark and lepton mixing patterns. Distinctive…
Standard-model fields and their associated electroweak Lagrangian are equivalently expressed in a shared spin basis. The scalar-vector terms are written with scalar-operator components acting on quark-doublet elements, and shown to be…