Related papers: How many quarks and leptons ?
We argue that recent results from two-photon processes at LEP are better explained by quarks possessing integer electric charges.
We constuct a family of hemisystems of the parabolic quadric $\mathcal{Q}(2d, q)$, for all ranks $d \ge 2$ and all odd prime powers $q$, that admit $\Omega_3(q) \cong \mathrm{PSL}_2(q)$. This yields the first known construction for $d \ge…
The electroweak properties of nucleons and hyperons are calculated in a relativistic constituent quark model. The baryons are treated as three quark bound states, and the diagrams of perturbation theory are considered on the light front.…
A model is presented of the leptons, quarks and bosons as non-elementary particles being composed of spinons. They are defined as massless fermions obeying the Weyl equations, but in addition are charged and assumed to have two internal…
This work considers the remarkable suggestion that the three families of quarks and leptons may be unified, together with the Higgs and gauge fields of the Standard Model (SM), into a single "particle", namely the $\textbf{248}$ vector…
Existence of the fourth family follows from the basics of the Standard Model and the actual mass spectrum of the third family fermions. We discuss possible manifestations of the fourth SM family at existing and future colliders. The LHC and…
Starting with the premise that the electric charge associated with fundamental fermions (quarks and leptons) can, under certain circumstances, be appropriately represented as a real \emph{internal} 2-vector, the mathematical ``machinery''…
We derive empirical relationships among elementary fermion masses based on relatively simple exponential formulae involving quantum numbers for the electromagnetic and strong interactions, with a weak correction factor motivated by a simple…
The QCD structure of the electroweak bosons is reviewed and the lepton structure function is defined and calculated. The leading order splitting functions of electron into quarks are extracted, showing an important contribution from…
The relativistic five-quark equations are found in the framework of the dispersion relation technique. The solutions of these equations using the method based on the extraction of the leading singularities of the amplitudes are obtained.…
The masses of the ground state heavy baryons consisting of two light (u,d,s) and one heavy (c,b) quarks are calculated in the heavy-quark--light-diquark approximation within the constituent quark model. The light quarks, forming the…
The flavor democracy favors the existence of the nearly degenerate fourth SM family, whereas the fifth SM family is disfavored both by the mass phenomenology and precision tests of the Standard Model. The multi-hundreds GeV fourth family…
We have calculated the rate of the decay b -> clv to second order in alpha_s in the limit that the b and c quarks have equal masses. The results here confirm recent calculations done in the opposite limit where the c-quark is much lighter…
In a model in which quarks and leptons are built up from two spin 1/2 preons as fundamental entities, a new class of fermionic bound states (hyperquarks) arises. It turns out that these hyperquarks are necessary to fulfill the 't Hooft…
The properties of new heavy mesons containing new heavy quarks have been investigated. As an example, the fourth SM family quarks and weak isosinglet quarks predicted by E_{6} GUT are considered. Production of these hadrons at TeV energy…
We discuss extension of the electroweak gauge group to $SU(3)_L \times SU(3)_R \times U(1)_{XL} \times U(1)_{XR}$. This adds new leptons to the familiar 331-model. The explanation for three light quark-lepton families remains but new…
The q-electroweak theory suggests a description of elementary particles as solitons labelled by the irreducible representations of SU_q(2). Since knots may also be labelled by the irreducible representations of SU_q(2), we study a model of…
This paper is concerned with a way of thinking about the standard model that explains the existence of three fermion families and the value of the fine structure constant. The main idea is that the ultraviolet divergences that we encounter…
All leptons, quarks, and gauge bosons can be placed in the periodic table of elementary particles. As the periodic table of elements derived from atomic orbital, the periodic table of elementary particles is derived from the two sets of…
We give a review of the calculations of the masses of tetraquarks with two and four heavy quarks in the framework of the relativistic quark model based on the quasipotential approach and QCD. The diquark-antidiquark picture of heavy…