Related papers: How many quarks and leptons ?
The top-family quarks will decay in charm-family quarks while beauty-family quarks serve the purpose of spectrators. Decay matrix is suggested for quark and lepton decays.
This study calculates the system energies of families of pentaquarks, $uudc\bar{c}$, starting from 5 quarks up to 70 using Thomas-Fermi statistical quark model. The model assumes spherical symmetry with the particles continuously…
A class of models is considered in which the masses only of the third generation of quarks and leptons arise in the tree approximation, while masses for the second and first generations are produced respectively by one-loop and two-loop…
Comparison of properties of quark and leptons as well as understanding their similarities and differences is one of the milestones on the way to underlying physics. Several observations, if not accidental, can strongly affect the…
The charged lepton masses obey to high precision the so-called Koide relation. We propose a generalization of this relation to quarks. It includes up and down quarks of the three generations and is numerically reasonably close to the Koide…
It now appears phenomenologically that the third family of fundamental fermions may be essentially different fron the first two. Particularly the high value (174GeV?) of the top quark mass suggests a special role. In the standard model all…
We study a supersymmetric SO(10) gauge theory in six dimensions compactified on an orbifold. Three sequential quark-lepton families are localized at the three fixpoints where SO(10) is broken to its three GUT subgroups. Split bulk…
Masses and mixings of quarks and leptons differ wildly from one another. Thus it is all the more challenging to search for some hidden attribute that they may share.
It is pointed out that the set theory gave the exact symmetry while the group theory did not. The triplicity of quarks and leptons is also pointed out. The reason of seven families of particles and in each family eight number of particles…
In the spin-charge-family theory four massless families of quarks and leptons before the electroweak break are predicted. Mass matrices of all the family members demonstrate in this proposal the same symmetry, determined by the family…
Barut's formula for the mass of leptons is successfully extended to quarks. A very simple non-linear scalar field model explains both the N^4 power law dependence of the mass, and the existence of a cut-off which limits the number of…
A simple breaking of the subnuclear democracy of the quarks leads to a mixing between the second and the third family, in agrement with observation. Introducing the mixing between the first and the second family, one finds an interesting…
We assume that all quark and lepton $3 \times 3$ mass matrices which appear in the standard model lagrangian (after spontaneous symmetry breaking) with neutrinos treated as Dirac patricles have the triangular form. Such matrices have not…
The fact that quarks of the same electric charge possess a mass hierarchy is a big puzzle in particle physics, and it must be highly correlated with the hierarchy of quark flavor mixing. This review article is intended to provide a brief…
A heavy fourth family is an example of new physics which is well defined and familiar in some respects, but which nevertheless has radical implications. In particular it eliminates a light Higgs description of electroweak symmetry breaking.…
A composite model of fermions is proposed to explain the "anomaly" in $Z \rightarrow b {\bar b}$ and, to a lesser extent, in $Z \rightarrow c {\bar c}$. It contains a {\em nonsequential} fourth family whose mass of one member (the charge…
Has any progress been made on understanding and predicting the 13 parameters which describe the observed masses and mixing angles of the quarks and leptons? Arguments are given in favor of pursuing schemes in which grand unified and family…
A model is proposed in which quarks, leptons and perhaps gauge bosons are composites of magnetically charged rishons T(q=1/3) and V(q=0) with magnetic charges g=(1,2,-3)g0. Structural formulas of composite particles and their interactions…
If the standard model of quarks and leptons is extended to include three singlet right-handed neutrinos, then the resulting fermion structure admits an infinite number of anomaly-free solutions with just one simple constraint. Well-known…
The problem of quark-lepton families is discussed in the "bottom-up" phenomenological approach to the extensions of the Standard model. It provides the possibility of the {\it Horizontal unification} of the three known families on the basis…