Related papers: A topological view on baryon number conservation
We propose an extension of the standard model where quarks are viewed as fermions with a ``bare'' integer (weak) hypercharge which is normalized with a fractional part created by a quantized topological Chern-Simons configuration of the…
In the standard $R^4$ embedding of the chiral O(4) model in 3+1 dimensions the winding number is not conserved near the chiral phase transition and thus no longer can be identified with baryon number. In order to reestablish conserved…
We study fluctuations of conserved charges including baryon number, electric charge, and strangeness as well as the correlations among these conserved charges in the 2+1 flavor Polyakov--Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model at finite temperature. The…
Baryon numbers are carried by valence quarks in the standard QCD picture of the baryon structure, while some theory proposed an alternative baryon number carrier, a non-perturbative Y-shaped configuration of the gluon field, called the…
Motivated by the connection between gauge field topology and the axial anomaly in fermion currents, I use the fourth power of the naive Dirac operator to define a local lattice measure of topological charge. For smooth gauge fields this…
We present a semiclassical study of the suppression of topology changing, baryon number violating transitions induced by particle collisions in the electroweak theory. We find that below the sphaleron energy the suppression exponent is…
Topological objects resulting from symmetry breakdown may be either stable or metastable depending on the pattern of symmetry breaking. However, if they trap zero-energy modes of fermions, and in the process acquire non-integer fermionic…
In this study, we introduce a novel approach aimed at addressing the longstanding baryon-anti-baryon asymmetry conundrum. Our proposed mechanism suggests that baryon numbers were generated during the inflationary epoch through the dynamics…
It is proposed that the phenomenon of charge fractionalisation of the spatially confined particle in a topological chiral bag may be interpreted as a manifestation of the exclusion statistics proposed by Haldane. The fractional exclusion…
Magnetic skyrmions and antiskyrmions are characterised by an integer topological charge $\mathcal Q =\mp 1$, describing the winding of the magnetic orientation. Half-integer winding numbers, $\mathcal Q=\pm \frac{1}{2}$, can be obtained for…
The spontaneous baryogenesis mechanism by Cohen, Kaplan and Nelson is reconsidered taking into account the transport of particles inside the electroweak bubble walls. Using linear response theory, we calculate the modifications on the…
It is not obvious which partons in the proton carry its baryon number (BN). We present arguments that BN is associated with a specific topology of gluonic fields, rather than with the valence quarks. The BN distribution is easily confused…
We show that fractional charges bound to topological defects in the recently proposed time-reversal-invariant models on honeycomb and square lattices obey fractional statistics. The effective low-energy description is given in terms of a…
I discuss the role and impact of net-baryon number conservation in measurements of net proton fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions. I show that the magnitude of the fluctuations is entirely determined by the strength of two particle…
Relativistic heavy ion collisions are studied assuming that particles can be described by a hadron gas in thermal and chemical equilibrium. The exact conservation of baryon number, strangeness and charge are explicitly taken into account.…
A cosmological pseudoscalar field coupled to hypercharge topological number density can exponentially amplify hyperelectric and hypermagnetic fields in the symmetric phase of the electroweak plasma while coherently rolling or oscillating,…
The size of the average fluctuations of net baryon number and electric charge in a finite volume of hadronic matter differs widely between the confined and deconfined phases. These differences may be exploited as indicators of the formation…
A scenario for the generation of the baryon asymmetry in the early Universe is proposed in which cosmic string loops, predicted by theories where the baryon and/or lepton numbers are gauged symmetries, collapse during the friction dominated…
We investigate the possibility to find an ultraviolet completion of the simple extensions of the Standard Model where baryon number is a local symmetry. In the context of such theories one can understand the spontaneous breaking of baryon…
In quantum chromodynamics with static quarks the confinement-deconfinement phase transition is connected to the spontaneous breaking of the global Z3 center symmetry. This symmetry is lost when one considers dynamical quarks. Owing to the…