Related papers: Quarks and Leptons in a Hexagonal Chain
It is shown that a chiral SU(2) model can break Lorentz symmetry spontaneously at the Lagrangian level when gauge bosons become massive. This model seems to propose the principles and conceptual foundations leading to a unified picture of…
Assuming that the leptons and quarks other than top are massless at tree level, we show that their masses may be induced by loops involving the top quark. As a result, the generic features of the fermion mass spectrum arise from…
We show that heavy quark axion is not necessarily a hadronic axion, which manifests in the quark and lepton seesaw mechanism. We introduce a heavy $SU(2)$ singlet fermion for each known fermion in order to unify the axion scale and the…
A two flavor color sextet quark sector added to QCD yields the {\it uniquely} unitary Critical Pomeron at high energy while also producing electroweak symmetry breaking. In this paper it is argued that a number of experimental phenomena in…
The commonly accepted notion of a weak unified coupling $\alpha_X \approx 0.04$, based on the assumption of the MSSM--spectrum, is questioned. It is suggested that the four--dimensional unified string coupling should very likely have an…
A consistent description of the fundamental interactions of particle physics based upon the assumption of 6 real extra dimensions is presented. The usual 4-dimension space-time, a curved hypersurface with the Lorentz group as local…
Has any progress been made on understanding and predicting the 13 parameters which describe the observed masses and mixing angles of the quarks and leptons? Arguments are given in favor of pursuing schemes in which grand unified and family…
Some low-energy manifestations of a minimal extension of the Standard Model based on the quark-lepton $SU(4)_V \otimes SU(2)_L \otimes G_R$ symmetry of the Pati-Salam type are analysed. Given this symmetry a new type of mixing in the…
This Resource Letter provides a guide to literature on the Standard Model of elementary particles and possible extensions. In the successful theory of quarks and leptons and their interactions, important questions remain, such as the…
A recent surge of interest in the {\em early} unification of quarks and leptons, has prompted us to revive a paper \cite{HBB} written twenty two years ago. We provided there a general discussion of quark-lepton unification characterized by…
The low-energy manifestations of a minimal extension of the electroweak standard model based on the quark-lepton symmetry $SU(4)_V \otimes SU(2)_L \otimes G_R$ of the Pati--Salam type are analyzed. Given this symmetry the third type of…
In view of the observed strong hierarchy of the quark and lepton masses and of the flavor mixing angles it is argued that the description of flavor mixing must take this into account. One particular interesting way to describe the flavor…
We present a model for third-family quark-lepton unification at the TeV scale featuring a composite Higgs sector. The model is based on a variant of the Pati-Salam model, the so-called 4321 model, consisting of the gauge group $SU(4)\times…
We point out that meson spectrum indicates the existence of a degenerate chiral nonet in the energy region around 1.4 GeV with a slightly inverted spectrum with respect to a qq nonet. Based on this observation, the approximately linear…
Symmetries in the Physical Laws of Nature lead to observable effects. Beyond regularities and conserved magnitudes, the last decades in Particle Physics have seen the identification of symmetries, and their well defined breaking, as the…
We analyze the compatibility of the hypothesis of third-family quark-lepton unification at the TeV scale with electroweak precision data, lepton flavor universality tests, and high-$p_T$ constraints. We work within the framework of the UV…
We perform a detailed study of the $\text{b} \to \text{c} \tau \nu$ and $\text{b} \to \text{s} l^+ l^-$ processes in a minimal flipped 331 model based on the $SU(3)_C\times SU(3)_L\times U(1)_N$ gauge symmetry. The non universal $SU(3)_L…
Several phenomenological features of fermion masses and mixings can be accounted for by a simple model for fermion mass matrices, which suggests an underlying U(2) horizontal symmetry. In this context, it is also proposed how an approximate…
The spectrum of the C=1 hyperons is well described by the constituent quark model, if the fine structure interaction between the light and strange quarks is mediated by the $SU(3)_F$ octet of light pseudoscalar mesons, which are the…
We discuss extension of the electroweak gauge group to $SU(3)_L \times SU(3)_R \times U(1)_{XL} \times U(1)_{XR}$. This adds new leptons to the familiar 331-model. The explanation for three light quark-lepton families remains but new…