Related papers: Quarks and Leptons in a Hexagonal Chain
The most efficient way to extend the Standard Model of particle theory so that it accommodates the observed B anomalies is the hypothesis of a leptoquark which is a color-triplet weak-singlet boson with electric charge $Q=+\frac{2}{3}$. We…
Instead of anchoring the seesaw mechanism with the conventional heavy right-handed neutrino singlet, a small Majorana neutrino mass may be obtained just as well with the addition of a heavy triplet of leptons per family to the minimal…
A group-theoretical connection between horizontal symmetry $\G$ and fermion mixing is established, and applied to neutrino mixing. The group-theoretical approach is consistent with a dynamical theory based on $U(1)\times \G$, but the…
A compsite model of quarks and leptons is proposed. The quarks and leptons are given by three body states which are composed of constituents $(w_1, w_2, c_1, c_2, c_3)$ of SU(5)$_{flavor}$ and $(f_1, f_2, f_3)$ of SU(3)$_{family}$
The Standard Model is extended by a SU(2)L singlet of vector leptoquarks. An additional SU(4) gauge symmetry between right-handed up quarks and right-handed leptons is introduced to render the model renormalizable. The arrangement is made…
Quarks and leptons, the fundamental building blocks of the subatomic world, manifest in three families - replicas with identical quantum numbers that differ only in their masses. After revisiting the key milestones that led to the discovery…
An approach is suggested for modeling quark and lepton masses and mixing in the context of grand unified theories that explains the curious fact that m_u ~ m_d even though m_t >> m_b. The structure of the quark mass matrices is such as to…
Using renormalization group techniques, we examine several interesting relations among masses and mixing angles of quarks and leptons in the Standard Model. We extend the analysis to the minimal supersymmetric extension to determine its…
The pattern of quark and lepton mass matrices is unexplained in the standard model of particle interactions. I propose the novel idea of a progressive gauge U(1) symmetry where it is a reflection of the regressive electroweak symmetry…
Chiral superfields have been used, and extensively, almost ever since supersymmetry has been discovered. Complex linear superfields afford an alternate representation of matter, but are widely misbelieved to be 'physically equivalent' to…
The various mass relations among members of quark and lepton families are given. Three mass relations for the charm, beauty, and top quark family members are given and three mass relations for the electron, muon, and tau lepton family…
The ${q}\bar{q}$ spectrum is studied within a chiral constituent quark model. It provides with a good fit of the available experimental data from light (vector and pseudoscalar) to heavy mesons including some recent results on charmonium.…
A chiral invariant Lagrangian describing the tetraquark-quarkonia interaction is considered at the leading and subleading order in the large-$N_{c}$ expansion. Spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking generates mixing of scalar tetraquark and…
The recently proposed model of neutrino mass with no new physics beyond the TeV energy scale is shown to admit a natural and realistic supersymmetric realization, when combined with another recently proposed model of quark masses in the…
A link is established between the observed (approximate) geometric mass hierarchy of quarks and leptons and the triangular structure of their tenable flavor representations. This singles out SU(3) as the horizontal flavor group, thereby…
In supersymmetric theory, the sfermion-fermion-gaugino interactions conserve the chirality of (s)fermions. The effect appears as the charge asymmetry in $m(jl)$ distributions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider where jets and leptons arise…
The evidence of the existence of tetra-quark meson and penta-quark fermion systems has revived interest in the hunt of other multi-quark systems. We explore the possibility of six-quark cluster configurations with the two nucleon…
Physical implications of a vector-like extension of the standard model for heavier quarks and leptons with $SU(2)\times U(1)$ gauge symmetry and only one Higgs doublet are discussed. This scheme incorporates infinitely many fermions, and…
We propose an extension of the standard model with an extra U(1)' abelian symmetry, three Higgs doublets and one Higgs singlet, where the new U(1)' charges are flavour non-universal. As a result, the model introduces an enlarger particle…
There is a unique $\hbox{SU(4)}\otimes\hbox{SU(2)}_L \otimes \hbox{SU(2)}_R$ gauge model which allows quarks and leptons to be unified at the TeV scale -- thereby making the model testable and avoiding the gauge hierarchy problem. In its…