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We discuss the interplay of low-x physics and QCD scaling violations by extending the unified approach describing inclusive structure functions and diffractive production in $\gamma* p$ interactions proposed in previous papers, to large…
The ratio of the proton's elastic electromagnetic form factors $G_{Ep}/G_{Mp}$ was obtained by measuring $P_{t}$ and $P_{\ell}$, the transverse and longitudinal recoil proton polarization, respectively. For the elastic reaction $\vec e p…
We report on the first measurement of the F2 structure function of the neutron from semi-inclusive scattering of electrons from deuterium, with low-momentum protons detected in the backward hemisphere. Restricting the momentum of the…
Deep inelastic electron-photon scattering is studied using e+e- data collected by the OPAL detector at centre-of-mass energies sqrt{s_ee} ~ M_{Z^0}. The photon structure function F_2^gamma(x,Q^2) is explored in a Q^2 range of 1.1 to 6.6…
New high precision polarization measurements of the proton elastic form factor ratio in the Q^2 range from 0.3 to 0.7 [GeV/c]^2 have been made. These elastic H(e,e'p) measurements were done in Jefferson Lab's Hall A using 80% longitudinally…
We review the theory of polarized structure functions measured in deep-inelastic lepton-nucleon scattering, focusing on the most recent developments. We concentrate on the structure function $g_1$, emphasizing the phenomenological problems…
We present an updated extraction of the proton electromagnetic form factor ratio, mu_p G_E/G_M, at low Q^2. The form factors are sensitive to the spatial distribution of the proton, and precise measurements can be used to constrain models…
Nuclear effects in deep inelastic scattering at low$-x$ are phenomenologically described changing the typical dynamical and/or kinematical scales characterizing the free nucleon case. In a holographic approach, this rescaling is an…
A phenomenological scaling property of the LHC proton-proton elastic scattering cross sections at moderate transfer momentum has been recently observed. The theoretical QCD saturation framework for hard elastic scattering on the proton,…
The main statement of the nucleon constituent quark model with a fixed number of particles as basic ansatz are considered in a framework of the single-time (quasipotential) approach to the bound state problem. The scaling law breacking for…
The spatial distribution of charge and magnetization within the proton is encoded in the elastic form factors. These have been precisely measured in elastic electron scattering, and the combination of proton and neutron form factors allows…
A measurement is presented, using data taken with the H1 detector at HERA, of the contribution of diffractive interactions to deep-inelastic electron-proton scattering. The diffractive contribution to the proton structure function is…
Results on the derivative of log(F_2) with respect to log(x) at fixed Q^2 are presented. The measured derivatives are within errors independent of x for Q^2 >= 0.85 GeV^2 and increase linearly with log(Q^2) for 0.0001 <= x <= 0.01 and Q^2…
The production of slow nucleons in semi-inclusive deep inelastic electron scattering off the deuteron is investigated in the region $x \gsim 0.3$. It is shown that within the spectator mechanism the semi-inclusive cross section exhibits a…
The available world deep-inelastic scattering data on proton and deuteron structure functions F2p, F2d, and their ratios, are leveraged to extract the free neutron F2n structure function, the F2n/F2p ratio, and associated uncertainties…
New structure function results from H1 are presented. The measurements cover a huge kinematical range for Q^2, the four momentum transfer squared, from 0.35, GeV^2 to 30,000, GeV^2, and for Bjorken x between \sim 5\cdot 10^{-6} and 0.65. At…
Inclusive electron scattering from nuclei at low momentum transfer (corresponding to x>1) and moderate Q^2 is dominated by quasifree scattering from nucleons. In the impulse approximation, the cross section can be directly connected to the…
We evaluate the on shell form factors of the electron for arbitrary momentum transfer and finite electron mass, at two loops in QED, by integrating the corresponding dispersion relations, which involve the imaginary parts known since a long…
Measurements are reported of the proton and deuteron spin structure functions g1 at beam energies of 29.1, 16.2, and 9.7 GeV and g2 at a beam energy of 29.1 GeV. The integrals of g1 over x have been evaluated at fixed Q**2 = 3 (GeV/c)**2…
Recent measurements of the ratio of the elastic electromagnetic form factors of the proton, G_Ep/G_Mp, using the polarization transfer technique at Jefferson Lab show that this ratio decreases dramatically with increasing Q^2, in…