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At the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the trigger systems for the detectors must be able to process a very large amount of data in a very limited amount of time, so that the nominal collision rate of 40 MHz can be reduced to a data rate that…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2015-06-17 P. Lujan , V. Halyo , A. Hunt , P. Jindal , P. LeGresley

Active learning is a paradigm of machine learning which aims at reducing the amount of labeled data needed to train a classifier. Its overall principle is to sequentially select the most informative data points, which amounts to determining…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-09-01 Christophe Denis , Mohamed Hebiri , Boris Ndjia Njike , Xavier Siebert

The first stage of the ATLAS Fast TracKer (FTK) is an ATCA-based input interface system, where hits from the entire silicon tracker are clustered and organized into overlapping eta-phi trigger towers before being sent to the tracking…

In order to speed-up classification models when facing a large number of categories, one usual approach consists in organizing the categories in a particular structure, this structure being then used as a way to speed-up the prediction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-11-26 Aurélia Léon , Ludovic Denoyer

The real-time identification and selection of b-jets play a crucial role in the CMS experiment, particularly in searches involving heavy-flavor jets. The High-Level Trigger (HLT) is designed to efficiently select events of interest while…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2026-02-10 Uttiya Sarkar

While many production-ready and robust algorithms are available for the task of recommendation systems, many of these systems do not take the order of user's consumption into account. The order of consumption can be very useful and matters…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Mehdi Soleiman Nejad , Meysam Varasteh , Hadi Moradi , Mohammad Amin Sadeghi

The High Level Trigger (HLT) of the ALICE experiment requires massive parallel computing. One of the main tasks of the HLT system is two-dimensional cluster finding on raw data of the Time Projection Chamber (TPC), which is the main data…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2007-05-23 G. Grastveit , H. Helstrup , V. Lindenstruth , C. Loizides , D. Roehrich , B. Skaali , T. Steinbeck , R. Stock , H. Tilsner , K. Ullaland , A. Vestbo , T. Vik

This paper proposes three different distributed event-triggered control algorithms to achieve leader-follower consensus for a network of Euler-Lagrange agents. We firstly propose two model-independent algorithms for a subclass of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-24 Qingchen Liu , Mengbin Ye , Jiahu Qin , Changbin Yu

We present a novel decision tree-based synthesis algorithm of ranking functions for verifying program termination. Our algorithm is integrated into the workflow of CounterExample Guided Inductive Synthesis (CEGIS). CEGIS is an iterative…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Satoshi Kura , Hiroshi Unno , Ichiro Hasuo

The ALICE High Level Trigger has to process data online, in order to select interesting (sub)events, or to compress data efficiently by modeling techniques. Focusing on the main data source, the Time Projection Chamber (TPC), we present two…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2015-06-26 V. Lindenstruth , C. Loizides , D. Roehrich , B. Skaali , T. Steinbeck , R. Stock , H. Tilsner , K. Ullaland , A. Vestbo , T. Vik

We propose an AI-based assistant designed to support the ALICE Fast Interaction Trigger (FIT) detector operators at CERN. The assistant helps diagnose and resolve operational issues in the Detector Control System (DCS), where decisions must…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2025-11-24 Ignacy Mermer , Jakub Muszyński , Jakub Możaryn , Krystian Rosłon

A major upgrade of the ALICE experiment is in progress and will result in high-rate data taking during LHC Run 3 (2022-2024). The LHC interaction rate at Point 2 where the ALICE experiment is located will be increased to $50\ \mathrm{kHz}$…

Decision Transformer (DT) is an innovative algorithm leveraging recent advances of the transformer architecture in reinforcement learning (RL). However, a notable limitation of DT is its reliance on recalling trajectories from datasets,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Yi Ma , Chenjun Xiao , Hebin Liang , Jianye Hao

Due to emergent capabilities, large language models (LLMs) have been utilized as language-based agents to perform a variety of tasks and make decisions with an increasing degree of autonomy. These autonomous agents can understand high-level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Tanmana Sadhu , Ali Pesaranghader , Yanan Chen , Dong Hoon Yi

Triage is a critically important decision-making process in mass casualty incidents (MCIs) to maximize victim survival rates. While the role of AI in such situations is gaining attention for making optimal decisions within limited resources…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Chiharu Hagiwara , Naoki Nonaka , Yuhta Hashimoto , Ryu Uchimido , Jun Seita

The continued need for improvements in accuracy, throughput, and efficiency of Deep Neural Networks has resulted in a multitude of methods that make the most of custom architectures on FPGAs. These include the creation of hand-crafted…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Benjamin Biggs , Christos-Savvas Bouganis , George A. Constantinides

At the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider, the rate of proton-proton collisions far exceeds the rate at which data can be recorded. A real-time event selection process, or "trigger", is needed to ensure that the data…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2025-09-10 Noah Clarke Hall , Nikolaos Konstantinidis

The Phase-I trigger readout electronics upgrade of the ATLAS Liquid Argon calorimeters enhances the physics reach of the experiment during the upcoming operation at increasing Large Hadron Collider luminosities. The new system, installed…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-05-17 G. Aad , A. V. Akimov , K. Al Khoury , M. Aleksa , T. Andeen , C. Anelli , N. Aranzabal , C. Armijo , A. Bagulia , J. Ban , T. Barillari , F. Bellachia , M. Benoit , F. Bernon , A. Berthold , H. Bervas , D. Besin , A. Betti , Y. Bianga , M. Biaut , D. Boline , J. Boudreau , T. Bouedo , N. Braam , M. Cano Bret , G. Brooijmans , H. Cai , C. Camincher , A. Camplani , S. Cap , A. Carbone , J. W. S. Carter , S. V. Chekulaev , H. Chen , K. Chen , N. Chevillot , M. Citterio , B. Cleland , M. Constable , S. de Jong , A. M. Deiana , M. Delmastro , B. Deng , H. Deschamps , C. Diaconu , A. Dik , B. Dinkespiler , N. Dumont Dayot , A. Emerman , Y. Enari , P. J. Falke , J. Farrell , W. Fielitz , E. Fortin , J. Fragnaud , S. Franchino , L. Gantel , K. Gigliotti , D. Gong , A. Grabas , P. Grohs , N. Guettouche , T. Guillemin , D. Guo , J. Guo , L. Hasley , C. Hayes , R. Hentges , L. Hervas , M. Hils , J. Hobbs , A. Hoffman , D. Hoffmann , P. Horn , T. Hryn'ova , L. Iconomidou-Fayard , R. Iguchi , T. James , K. Johns , T. Junkermann , C. Kahra , E. F. Kay , R. Keeler , S. Ketabchi Haghighat , P. Kinget , E. Knoops , A. Kolbasin , P. Krieger , J. Kuppambatti , L. L. Kurchaninov , E. Ladygin , S. Lafrasse , M. P. J. Landon , F. Lanni , S. Latorre , D. Laugier , M. Lazzaroni , X. Le , P. Le Bourlout , C. A. Lee , M. Lefebvre , M. A. L. Leite , C. Leroy , X. Li , Z. Li , F. Liang , H. Liu , C. Liu , T. Liu , H. Ma , L. L. Ma , D. J. Mahon , U. Mallik , B. Mansoulie , A. L. Maslennikov , N. Matsuzawa , R. A. McPherson , S. Menke , A. Milic , Y. Minami , E. Molina , E. Monnier , N. Morange , L. Morvaj , J. Mueller , C. Mwewa , R. Narayan , N. Nikiforou , I. Ochoa , R. Oishi , D. Oliveira Damazio , R. E. Owen , C. Pancake , D. K. Panchal , G. Perrot , M. -A. Pleier , P. Poffenberger , R. Porter , S. Quan , J. Rabel , A. Roy , J. P. Rutherfoord , F. Sabatini , F. Salomon , E. Sauvan , A. C. Schaffer , R. D. Schamberger , Ph. Schwemling , C. Secord , L. Selem , K. Sexton , E. Shafto , M. V. Silva Oliveira , S. Simion , S. Singh , W. Sippach , A. A. Snesarev , S. Snyder , M. Spalla , S. Stärz , A. Straessner , P. Strizenec , R. Stroynowski , V. V. Sulin , J. Tanaka , S. Tang , S. Tapprogge , G. F. Tartarelli , G. Tateno , K. Terashi , S. Tisserant , D. Tompkins , G. Unal , M. Unal , K. Uno , A. Vallier , S. Vieira de Souza , R. Walker , Q. Wang , C. Wang , R. Wang , M. Wessels , I. Wingerter-Seez , K. Wolniewicz , W. Wu , Z. Xiandong , R. Xu , H. Xu , S. Yamamoto , Y. Yang , J. Ye , H. Zaghia , J. Zang , T. Zhang , H. L. Zhu , V. Zhulanov , E. Zonca , G. Zuk

The simulation software for the ATLAS Experiment at the Large Hadron Collider is being used for large-scale production of events on the LHC Computing Grid. This simulation requires many components, from the generators that simulate particle…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2012-08-27 The ATLAS Collaboration

Large language models are unable to continuously adapt and learn from new data during reasoning at inference time. To address this limitation, we propose that complex reasoning tasks be decomposed into atomic subtasks and introduce SAGE, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Jiacheng Wei , Faguo Wu , Xiao Zhang