Related papers: Proton and Photon Structure
We test the consistency of several independent astrophysical measurements of fundamental dimensionless constants. In particular, we compare direct measurements of the fine-structure constant $\alpha$ and the proton-to-electron mass ratio…
We show within the saturation framework that measurements of exclusive vector meson production at high energy provide evidence for strong geometric fluctuations of the proton. In comparison, the effect of saturation scale and color charge…
The recent conundrum with the proton charge radius inspires reconsideration of the corrections that enter into determinations of the proton size. We study the two-photon proton-structure corrections, with special consideration of the…
The search for variation of the fundamental constants such as the fine structure constant $\alpha$ ($\alpha=e^2/\hbar c$) and the ratios of fundamental masses (e.g., electron to proton mass ratio $\mu=m_e/m_p$) is reviewed. Strong emphasis…
Precision studies of flavour-changing processes involving quarks and leptons provide a number of ways to improve knowledge of the Standard Model and search for physics beyond it. There are excellent short- and mid-term prospects for…
Recent measurements of unpolarised and polarised nucleon structure functions and F_2(gamma) are reviewed. The implications for QCD and the gluon momentum distribution are discussed. The status of the understanding of the total…
We review the latest information that is available about the parton distributions of the proton, paying particular attention to the determination of the gluon. We briefly describe the various processes that have been advocated to be a…
We present results on two-parton densities in coordinate space, which capture a fuller dynamical picture of the proton's internal structure, including information on the relative position between quarks and gluons in the transverse plane.…
We review the status of flavour physics in spring 2014. The numerous accurate new measurements of flavour experiments have enabled us to test our theoretical understanding of flavour processes with an unprecedented precision. At first sight…
Physics perspectives are shown for future experiments in electron or positron scattering on nucleons, towards a deep and comprehensive understanding of the angular momentum structure of the nucleon in the context of Quantum Chromodynamics.…
Flavour physics plays a central role in the search for physics beyond the Standard Model, posing fundamental questions whose answers may point to new physics scales far above the electroweak scale. The flavour structure of the Standard…
The formation of hadrons is a fundamental process in nature that can be investigated at particle colliders. Given their large mass, heavy quarks (charm and beauty) are produced only in initial hard-scatterings, prior to hadronisation, which…
We present a new analysis of parton distributions of the proton. This incorporates a wide range of new data, an improved treatment of heavy flavours and a re-examination of prompt photon production. The new set (MRST) shows systematic…
Quark flavour physics is the study of hadrons, their properties, and their decays into other particles. As a discipline it simultaneously catalogues the nature of physical states within the Standard Model of particle physics, and in doing…
Jet production in proton-proton collisions is one of the main phenomenological predictions of QCD. The ATLAS and CMS Collaborations have performed measurements of several jet observables at the LHC and compared their results to theoretical…
Measurements of jet, prompt photon, high-pT hadron and heavy quark production in photon-induced processes provide tests of QCD and are sensitive to the photon parton densities. A review of the latest experimental results in photon-photon…
The current status of measurements of the nucleon structure functions and their understanding is reviewed. The fixed target experiments E665, CCFR and NMC and the HERA experiments H1 and ZEUS are discussed in some detail. The extraction of…
We argue that the event-by-event fluctuation of the proton number is a meaningful and promising observable for the purpose of detecting the QCD critical end-point in heavy-ion collision experiments. The long range fluctuation of the order…
The status of the measurements and the theoretical developments concerning the hadronic structure of the photon are briefly summarised.
Measurements of structure functions and of the hadronic final state in deep inelastic scattering at HERA are presented. The results comprise the extraction of parton densities, measurements of the strong coupling, and the search for novel…