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The generalized second law of thermodynamics states that entropy always increases when all event horizons are attributed with an entropy proportional to their area. We test the generalized second law by investigating the change in entropy…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Tamara M. Davis , P. C. W. Davies , Charles H. Lineweaver

We discuss the Bekenstein generalized entropy of a Schwarzschild black hole, with the contribution of an external matter field affected by degrees of freedom near the event horizon. In the Euclidean section of the Schwarzschild manifold, we…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-11-05 G. O. Heymans , G. Scorza , N. F. Svaiter , C. D. Rodríguez-Camargo

Several approaches were used to proof the assumption that an universal upper bound on the entropy to energy ratio (S/E) exists in bounded systems. In 1981 Jacob D. Bekenstein published his findings that S/E is limited by the effective…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-01-26 Franz-Josef Schmitt

A universal geometric inequality for bodies relating energy, size, angular momentum, and charge is naturally implied by Bekenstein's entropy bounds. We establish versions of this inequality for axisymmetric bodies satisfying appropriate…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-06-20 Jaroslaw S. Jaracz , Marcus A. Khuri

We examine black hole thermodynamics within the framework of modified Renyi entropy and explore its implications in Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND), an extension of Newton second law proposed to explain galaxy rotation curves without…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-05-19 Everton M. C. Abreu , Jorge Ananias Neto

The generalized second law can be used to prove a singularity theorem, by generalizing the notion of a trapped surface to quantum situations. Like Penrose's original singularity theorem, it implies that spacetime is null geodesically…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-12-07 Aron C. Wall

The Nernst formulation of the third law of ordinary thermodynamics (often referred to as the ``Nernst theorem'') asserts that the entropy, $S$, of a system must go to zero (or a ``universal constant'') as its temperature, $T$, goes to zero.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-08-25 Robert M. Wald

We study the conditions required for validity of the generalized second law in phantom dominated universe in the presence of Schwarzschild black hole. Our study is independent of the origin of the phantom like behavior of the considered…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 H. Mohseni Sadjadi

We investigate the generalized second law of thermodynamics (GSL) in generalized theories of gravity. We examine the total entropy evolution with time including the horizon entropy, the non-equilibrium entropy production, and the entropy of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-12-18 Shao-Feng Wu , Bin Wang , Guo-Hong Yang , Peng-Ming Zhang

We propose a rigorous derivation of the Bekenstein upper limit for the entropy/information that can be contained by a physical system in a given finite region of space with given finite energy. The starting point is the observation that the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2018-05-09 Roberto Longo , Feng Xu

According to Bekenstein's area law, the black hole entropy is identified holographically -- with one quarter of the horizon area. However, it is commonly believed that such a law is only valid in Einstein's theory and that higher curvature…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-09-23 David Kubizňák , Marek Liška

In the GEVAG (Generalized Entropy Varying-G) framework, any generalization to horizon entropy leads to a varying gravitational "constant" $G_\text{eff}$ that is a function the horizon area. In this work, it is shown that if we promote…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-03 Yen Chin Ong

I outline some of my work (some dating back to 1998, some more recent) on my matter-gravity entanglement hypothesis, according to which the entropy of a closed quantum gravitational system is equal to the system's matter-gravity…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-12-15 Bernard S. Kay

Entropy bounds in black hole physics, based on a wide variety of different approaches, have had a long and distinguished history. Recently the current authors have turned attention to uncollapsed systems and obtained a robust entropy bound…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-03-18 Gabriel Abreu , Matt Visser

The generalized covariant entropy bound is the conjecture that the entropy of the matter present on any non-expanding null hypersurface L will not exceed the difference between the areas, in Planck units, of the initial and final spatial…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-10 Raphael Bousso , Eanna E. Flanagan , Donald Marolf

We consider the generalized second law of black hole thermodynamics in the light of quantum information theory, in particular information erasure and Landauer's principle (namely, that erasure of information produces at least the equivalent…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 David D. Song , Elizabeth Winstanley

It is established that black holes have entropy and behave as thermodynamical systems. Associating entropy to gravitational fields has not remained limited to black holes, necessitating the notion of the second law of thermodynamics in…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-03-26 V. R. Shajiee , M. M. Sheikh-Jabbari

In classical general relativity described by Einstein-Hilbert gravity, black holes behave as thermodynamic objects. In particular, the laws of black hole mechanics can be interpreted as laws of thermodynamics. The first law of black hole…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-04-05 Sayantani Bhattacharyya , Felix M. Haehl , Nilay Kundu , R. Loganayagam , Mukund Rangamani

As one of candidate theories in the construction of regular black holes, Einstein's gravity coupled with nonlinear electrodynamics has been a topic of great concerns. Owing to the coupling between Einstein's gravity and nonlinear…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-03-05 Yang Guo , Hao Xie , Yan-Gang Miao

We quantize a scalar field at finite temperature T in the background of a classical black hole, adopting 't Hooft's ``brick wall'' model with generic mixed boundary conditions at the brick wall boundary. We first focus on the exactly…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Giuseppe Milanesi , Mihail Mintchev