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The Bekenstein-Hawking entropy satisfies the generalized second law of black hole thermodynamics for arbitrary thermodynamic evolution within Einstein-Maxwell theory. In contrast, the black hole entropy that satisfies the second law in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-04-16 Xin-Yang Wang , Jie Jiang

We investigate the validity of the generalized second law of thermodynamics, applying Barrow entropy for the horizon entropy. The former arises from the fact that the black-hole surface may be deformed due to quantum-gravitational effects,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-09-16 Emmanuel N. Saridakis , Spyros Basilakos

The generalized second law (GSL) of black hole thermodynamics asserts the monotonic increase of the generalized entropy combining the black hole area and the entropy of quantum fields outside the horizon. Modern proofs of the GSL rely on…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-01-08 Antoine Rignon-Bret , Matthieu Vilatte

In a pair of recent articles [PRL 105 (2010) 041302 - arXiv:1005.1132; JHEP 1103 (2011) 056 - arXiv:1012.2867] two of the current authors have developed an entropy bound for equilibrium uncollapsed matter using only classical general…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-11-29 Gabriel Abreu , Carlos Barcelo , Matt Visser

Zaslavskii has suggested how to tighten Bekenstein's bound on entropy when the object is electrically charged. Recently Hod has provided a second tighter version of the bound applicable when the object is rotating. Here we derive…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 Jacob D. Bekenstein , Avraham E. Mayo

The generalized second law states the total entropy of any closed system as the universe cannot decrease if we include black hole entropy. From the point of view of an asymptotic observer, a black hole can be described at late time as an…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-12-24 Antoine Rignon-Bret

By dropping particles into black hole, we have employed the recently new assumption [1] that the change of the black hole mass(enthalpy) should be the same amount as the energy of an infalling particle($\omega = dM$), to carefully test the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-05-18 Guo-Ping Li , Ke-Jian He , Bing-Bing Chen

I review various proposals for the nature of black hole entropy and for the mechanism behind the operation of the generalized second law. I stress the merits of entanglement entropy {\tenit qua\/} black hole entropy, and point out that,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-09-25 Jacob D. Bekenstein

In the Letter [1] (also [2]) there is a claim that the generalised second law of thermodynamics (entropy increase) for black holes provides some limits on the rate of variation of the fundamental constants of nature (electric charge e,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-02-27 V. V. Flambaum

As early as 1902, Gibbs pointed out that systems whose partition function diverges, e.g. gravitation, lie outside the validity of the Boltzmann-Gibbs (BG) theory. Consistently, since the pioneering Bekenstein-Hawking results, physically…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2013-07-08 Constantino Tsallis , Leonardo J. L. Cirto

One of the challenges of today's theoretical physics is to fully understand the connection between a geometrical object like area and a thermostatistical one like entropy, since area behaves analogously like entropy. The Bekenstein bound…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-11-23 Everton M. C. Abreu , Jorge Ananias Neto

We investigate the generalized second law for two-dimensional black holes in equilibrium (Hartle-Hawking) and nonequilibrium (Unruh) with the heat bath surrounding the black holes. We obtain a simple expression for the change of total…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-07 Jeongwon Ho

Quantum buoyancy has been proposed as the mechanism protecting the generalized second law when an entropy--bearing object is slowly lowered towards a black hole and then dropped in. We point out that the original derivation of the buoyant…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 Jacob D. Bekenstein

We show that one may pass from bulk to boundary thermodynamic quantities for rotating AdS black holes in arbitrary dimensions so that if the bulk quantities satisfy the first law of thermodynamics then so do the boundary CFT quantities.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-07 G. W. Gibbons , M. J. Perry , C. N. Pope

The generalized second law (GSL) of black hole thermodynamics states that the sum of changes in black hole entropy and the ordinary entropy of matter and fields outside the hole must be non-negative. In the classical limit, the GSL reduces…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-05-28 Christopher Eling , Jacob D. Bekenstein

Bekenstein's conjectured entropy bound for a system of linear size $R$ and energy $E$, namely $S \leq 2 \pi E R$, has counterexamples for many of the ways in which the "system," $R$, $E$, and $S$ may be defined. One consistent set of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-05-01 Don N. Page

We derive a universal upper bound to the entropy of a charged system. The entropy bound follows from application of the generalized second law of thermodynamics to a gedanken experiment in which an entropy-bearing charged system falls into…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Shahar Hod

Recently a number of papers have claimed that the horizon area - and thus the entropy - of near extremal black holes in anti-de Sitter spacetimes can be reduced by dropping particles into them. In this note we point out that this is a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-11-20 Shi-Qian Hu , Yen Chin Ong , Don N. Page

Using the Bekenstein upper bound for the ratio of the entropy $S$ of any bounded system, with energy $E = Mc^2$ and effective size $R$, to its energy $E$ i.e. $S/E < 2\pi k R/\hbar c$, we combine it with the holographic principle (HP) bound…

General Physics · Physics 2012-12-11 Antonio Alfonso-Faus , Màrius Josep Fullana i Alfonso

It is shown that, for systems in which the entropy is an extensive function of the energy and volume, the Bekenstein and the holographic entropy bounds predict new results. More explicitly, the Bekenstein entropy bound leads to the entropy…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-07 Gilad Gour