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In classical physics the energy density of a field is always positive. However this does not hold true for quantum physics where the energy density of a field can be locally negative. There are limits on the weighted average of this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-03-15 Dan Solomon

Quantum energy inequalities (QEIs) are lower bounds on the averaged energy density of a quantum field. They have been proved for various field theories in general curved spacetimes but the explicit lower bound is not easily calculated in…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-08-09 Christopher J. Fewster , Jacob Thompson

In this paper we investigate quantum fields propagating on given, static, spherically symmetric spacetimes, which are isometric to a part of the Schwarzschild spacetime. Without specifying the internal geometry we show, that there exist…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-11 P. Marecki

Quantum inequalities (QI's) provide lower bounds on the averaged energy density of a quantum field. We show how the QI's for massless scalar fields in even dimensional Minkowski space may be reformulated in terms of the positivity of a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 Christopher J. Fewster , Edward Teo

It is generally known that the energy density can be negative in quantum field theory. It is also believed that there are limits on this negative energy density. These limits are known as the quantum inequalities. In a recent paper [8] an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-06-22 Dan Solomon

In a recent preprint, Krasnikov has claimed that to show that quantum energy inequalities (QEIs) are violated in curved spacetime situations, by considering the example of a free massless scalar field in two-dimensional de Sitter space. We…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 C. J. Fewster

In quantum field theory, coherent states can be created that have negative energy density, meaning it is below that of empty space, the free quantum vacuum. If no restrictions existed regarding the concentration and permanence of negative…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-01 G. Jordan Maclay , Eric W. Davis

In quantum field theory it is generally known that the energy density may be negative at a given point in spacetime. A number of papers have shown that there is a restriction on this energy density which is called a quantum inequality (QI).…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-01-20 Dan Solomon

We obtain an analytic approximation for the effective action of a quantum scalar field in a general static two-dimensional spacetime. We apply this to the dilaton gravity model resulting from the spherical reduction of a massive,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-02-22 Roberto Balbinot , Alessandro Fabbri , Piero Nicolini , Patrick J. Sutton

Quantum inequalities are lower bounds for local averages of quantum observables that have positive classical counterparts, such as the energy density or the Wick square. We establish such inequalities in general (possibly interacting)…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-10-29 Henning Bostelmann , Christopher J. Fewster

We propose a quantum gravity equation owing to the geometrical quantization of general relativity, namely the Schr\"{o}dinger-Einstein equation. Quantum effects of a Schwarzschild black hole are demonstrated by solving the quantum equation…

General Physics · Physics 2022-05-24 Yoshimasa Kurihara

We generalise results of Ford and Roman which place lower bounds -- known as quantum inequalities -- on the renormalised energy density of a quantum field averaged against a choice of sampling function. Ford and Roman derived their results…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 C. J. Fewster , S. P. Eveson

An Euclidean approach for investigating quantum aspects of a scalar field living on a class of D-dimensional static black hole space-times, including the extremal ones, is reviewed. The method makes use of a near horizon approximation of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-25 Daniele Binosi , Sergio Zerbini

Recent research has indicated that negative energy fluxes due to quantum coherence effects obey uncertainty principle-type inequalities of the form $|\Delta E|\,{\Delta \tau} \lprox 1\,$. Here $|\Delta E|$ is the magnitude of the negative…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-22 L. H. Ford , Thomas A. Roman

We consider a massless quantum scalar field on a two-dimensional space-time describing a thin shell of matter collapsing to form a Schwarzschild-anti-de Sitter black hole. At early times, before the shell starts to collapse, the quantum…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-08-03 Paul G. Abel , Elizabeth Winstanley

We present a canonical quantization framework for static spherically symmetric spacetimes described by the Einstein-Hilbert action with a cosmological constant. In addition to recovering the classical Schwarzschild-(Anti)-de Sitter…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-03 Benjamin Koch , Ali Riahinia

Analytic approximations for the stress-energy of quantized fields in the Hartle-Hawking state in static black hole spacetimes predict divergences on the event horizon of the black hole for a number of important cases. Such divergences, if…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-11-15 Paul R. Anderson , Mathew Binkley , Hector Calderon , William A. Hiscock , Emil Mottola , Ruslan Vaulin

Using the methods developed by Fewster and colleagues, we derive a quantum inequality for the free massive spin-${3\over 2}$ Rarita-Schwinger fields in the four dimensional Minkowski spacetime. Our quantum inequality bound for the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 Hongwei Yu , Puxun Wu

With the back reaction of the vacuum energy-momentum tensor consistently taken into account, we study static spherically symmetric black-hole-like solutions to the semi-classical Einstein equation. The vacuum energy is assumed to be given…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-04-18 Pei-Ming Ho , Yoshinori Matsuo

In this paper, the study of canonical quantization of a free real massive scalar field in the Schwarzschild spacetime is continued. The normalization constants for the eigenfunctions of the corresponding radial equation are calculated,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-11-17 Mikhail N. Smolyakov