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We apply the ``consistent discretization'' approach to general relativity leaving the spatial slices continuous. The resulting theory is free of the diffeomorphism and Hamiltonian constraints, but one can impose the diffeomorphism…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 Rodolfo Gambini , Jorge Pullin

A new symmetric Hamiltonian constraint operator is proposed for loop quantum gravity, which is well defined in the Hilbert space of diffeomorphism invariant states up to non-planar vertices with valence higher than three. It inherits the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-12-04 Jinsong Yang , Yongge Ma

A brief review of the development of Chern-Simons gauge theory since its relation to knot theory was discovered in 1988 is presented. The presentation is done guided by a dictionary which relates knot theory concepts to quantum field theory…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 J. M. F. Labastida

Loop quantum gravity corrections, in the presence of inhomogeneities, can lead to a deformed constraint algebra. Such a deformation implies that the effective theory is no longer generally covariant. As a consequence, the geometrical…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-17 Rakesh Tibrewala

Witten described how a path integral quantization of Wilson Loop observables will define Jones polynomial type of link invariants, using the Chern-Simons gauge theory in $\mathbb{R}^3$. In this gauge theory, a compact Lie group ${\rm G}$,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-08 Adrian P. C. Lim

A general nonperturvative loop quantization procedure for metric modified gravity is reviewed. As an example, this procedure is applied to scalar-tensor theories of gravity. The quantum kinematical framework of these theories is rigorously…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-04-09 Xiangdong Zhang , Yongge Ma

A nonperturbative approach to quantum gravity that has generated much discussion is the attempt to construct a ``loop representation." Despite it's success in linear quantum theories and a part of 2+1 quantum gravity, it has recently been…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Donald Marolf

We study a model for quantum gravity on a circle in which the notion of a classical metric tensor is replaced by a quantum metric with an inhomogeneous transformation law under diffeomorphisms. This transformation law corresponds to the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-04-06 R. J. Henderson , S. G. Rajeev

We define and solve the $\text{U(1)}$ Chern-Simons-Maxwell theory on spacetime lattice, with an emphasis on the chirality of the theory. Realizing Chern-Simons theory on lattice has been a problem of interest for decades, and over the years…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-08-18 Ze-An Xu , Jing-Yuan Chen

The Hamiltoinian analysis of the vector-tensor theory of gravity is performed. The resulting geometrical dynamics is reformulated into the connection dynamics, with the real SU(2)-connection serving as one of the configuration variables.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-02-24 Shengzhi Li , Yongge Ma

We present a systematic expansion of all constraint equations in canonical quantum gravity up to the order of the inverse Planck mass squared. It is demonstrated that this method generates the conventional Feynman diagrammatic technique…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-30 A. O. Barvinsky , C. Kiefer

Inhomogeneities are introduced in loop quantum cosmology using regular lattice states, with a kinematical arena similar to that in homogeneous models considered earlier. The framework is intended to encapsulate crucial features of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Martin Bojowald

We show that the second coefficient of the Conway knot polynomial is annihilated by the Hamiltonian constraint of canonically quantized general relativity in the loop representation. The calculations are carried out in a fully regularized…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-12-30 Rodolfo Gambini , Jorge Pullin

I review the formalism of loop quantum gravity, in both its real and complex formulations, and spin foam theory which is its path integral counterpart. Spin networks for non-compact groups are introduced (following hep-th/0205268) to deal…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Etera R. Livine

A crucial step in the history of General Relativity was Einstein's adoption of the principle of general covariance which demands a coordinate independent formulation for our spacetime theories. General covariance helps us to disentangle a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-05-19 Daniel Grimmer

The scheme of using the Chern-Simons action to regularize the gravitational Hamiltonian constraint is extended to including the Lorentzian term in the $k=0$ cosmological model. The Euclidean term and the Lorenzian term are thus regularized…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-10-12 Jinsong Yang , Cong Zhang , Yongge Ma

Spherically symmetric models of loop quantum gravity have been studied recently by different methods that aim to deal with structure functions in the usual constraint algebra of gravitational systems. As noticed by Gambini and Pullin, a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-09-09 Martin Bojowald , Suddhasattwa Brahma , Juan D. Reyes

This paper is an exposition of the relationship between Witten's Chern-Simons functional integral and the theory of Vassiliev Invariants of knots and links in three dimensional space. We conceptualize the functional integral in terms of…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2016-01-20 Louis H. Kauffman

The loop quantization of Brans-Dicke theory (with coupling parameter $\omega\neq-3/2$) is studied. In the geometry-dynamical formalism, the canonical structure and constraint algebra of this theory are similar to those of general relativity…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-05-18 Xiangdong Zhang , Yongge Ma

The Hamiltonian constraint remains an elusive object in loop quantum gravity because its action on spinnetworks leads to changes in their corresponding graphs. As a result, calculations in loop quantum gravity are often considered…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-07-28 Thiago L. M. Guedes , Guillermo A. Mena Marugán , Markus Müller , Francesca Vidotto