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In these lectures we describe how a theory of quantum gravity may be constructed in terms of a lattice formulation based on so-called causal dynamical triangulations (CDT). We discuss how the continuum limit can be obtained and how to…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-07-16 J. Ambjorn , A. Goerlich , J. Jurkiewicz , R. Loll

In this review, the fundamental structure of loop quantum gravity is presented pedagogically. Our main aim is to help non-experts to understand the motivations, basic structures, as well as general results. It may also be beneficial to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-05-16 Muxin Han , Weiming Huang , Yongge Ma

We study a class of theories in which space-time is treated classically, while interacting with quantum fields. These circumvent various no-go theorems and the pathologies of semi-classical gravity, by being linear in the density matrix and…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-02-15 Jonathan Oppenheim , Zachary Weller-Davies

In the presence of spacetime boundaries, diffeomorphisms in gravitational theories can become physical and acquire non-vanishing Noether charges. These charges obey an algebra which, within the extended phase-space formalism, faithfully…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-03-24 Ludovic Varrin

We study the algebra of constraints of quantum gravity in the loop representation based on Ashtekar's new variables. We show by direct computation that the quantum commutator algebra reproduces the classical Poisson bracket one, in the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-22 Rodolfo Gambini , Alcides Garat , Jorge Pullin

We analyze the issue of anomaly-free representations of the constraint algebra in Loop Quantum Gravity (LQG) in the context of a diffeomorphism-invariant gauge theory in three spacetime dimensions. We construct a Hamiltonian constraint…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-04 Adam Henderson , Alok Laddha , Casey Tomlin

In this paper, we show that the Hamiltonian approach to loop quantum gravity has a fermion doubling problem. To obtain this result, we couple loop quantum gravity to a free massless scalar and a chiral fermion field, gauge fixing the many…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-07-07 Jacob Barnett , Lee Smolin

We review the application of the loop representation to gauge theories and general relativity. The emphasis lies on exhibiting the loop calculus techniques, and their application to the canonical quantization. We discuss the role that knot…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-09-25 Rodolfo Gambini

Spin Foam and Loop approaches to Quantum Gravity reformulate Einstein's theory of relativity in terms of connection variables. The metric properties are encoded in face bivectors/conjugate fluxes that are required to satisfy certain…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-05-17 Vadim Belov

In a companion paper we introduced a kinematical arena for the discussion of the constraints of canonical quantum gravity in the spin network representation based on Vassiliev invariants. In this paper we introduce the Hamiltonian…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 Cayetano Di Bartolo , Rodolfo Gambini , Jorge Griego , Jorge Pullin

A general class of loop quantizations for anisotropic models is introduced and discussed, which enhances loop quantum cosmology by relevant features seen in inhomogeneous situations. The main new effect is an underlying lattice which is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Martin Bojowald , Daniel Cartin , Gaurav Khanna

I review the lattice approach to quantum gravity, and how it relates to the non-trivial ultraviolet fixed point scenario of the continuum theory. After a brief introduction covering the general problem of ultraviolet divergences in gravity…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-04-17 Herbert W. Hamber

New results from the new variables/loop representation program of nonperturbative quantum gravity are presented, with a focus on results of Ashtekar, Rovelli and the author which greatly clarify the physical interpretation of the quantum…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Lee Smolin

The recently proposed loop representation, used previously to find exact solutions to the quantum constraints of general relativity, is here used to quantize linearized general relativity. The Fock space of graviton states and its…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-11-01 Abhay Ashtekar , Carlo Rovelli , Lee Smolin

In this paper, a Hamiltonian lattice formulation for 2+1D compact Maxwell-Chern-Simons theory is derived. We analytically solve this theory and demonstrate that the mass gap in the continuum limit matches the well-known continuum formula.…

We review aspects of loop quantum gravity in a pedagogical manner, with the aim of enabling a precise but critical assessment of its achievements so far. We emphasise that the off-shell (`strong') closure of the constraint algebra is a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-11 Hermann Nicolai , Kasper Peeters , Marija Zamaklar

An elementary introduction to knot theory and its link to quantum field theory is presented with an intention to provide details of some basic calculations in the subject, which are not easily found in texts. Study of Chern-Simons theory…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-05-10 Shoaib Akhtar

We consider a quantum field theory on a spherically symmetric quantum space time described by loop quantum gravity. The spin network description of space time in such a theory leads to equations for the quantum field that are discrete. We…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-02 Rodolfo Gambini , Jorge Pullin

We find a consistent formulation of the constraints of Quantum Gravity with a cosmological constant in terms of the Ashtekar new variables in the connection representation, including the existence of a state that is a solution to all the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Bernd Bruegmann , Rodolfo Gambini , Jorge Pullin

The loop quantum gravity technique is applied to the free bosonic string. A Hilbert space similar to loop space in loop quantum gravity as well as representations of diffeomorphism and hamiltonian constraints on it are constructed. The…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Artem Starodubtsev