Related papers: Testing the equivalence principle: why and how?
Algorithmic fairness is receiving significant attention in the academic and broader literature due to the increasing use of predictive algorithms, including those based on artificial intelligence. One benefit of this trend is that algorithm…
Integrating inspection processes with testing processes promises to deliver several benefits, including reduced effort for quality assurance or higher defect detection rates. Systematic integration of these processes requires knowledge…
In real life situations often paired comparisons involving alternatives of either full or partial profiles to mitigate cognitive burden are presented. For this situation the problem of finding optimal designs is considered in the presence…
In this work, we show a methodology aimed to improve the quality of the assessment process for subjects related to basic programming. The method takes into account the relevance of the items and the students answers to follow different…
In this paper we consider the construction of optimal tests of equivalence hypotheses. Specifically, assume X_1,..., X_n are i.i.d. with distribution P_{\theta}, with \theta \in R^k. Let g(\theta) be some real-valued parameter of interest.…
Studying for physics exams can be difficult and stressful, especially during a student's introductory year in physics. For students who do not plan to major in physics, the desire to do well is based less on understanding concepts and more…
Today, there is no clear legal test for regulating the use of variables that proxy for race and other protected classes and classifications. This Article develops such a test. Decision tools that use proxies are narrowly tailored when they…
Logicians and philosophers of science have proposed various formal criteria for theoretical equivalence. In this paper, we examine two such proposals: definitional equivalence and categorical equivalence. In order to show precisely how…
The classical binary hypothesis testing problem is revisited. We notice that when one of the hypotheses is composite, there is an inherent difficulty in defining an optimality criterion that is both informative and well-justified. For…
A formal theory of experimentation will be presented. Such a theory presents the necessary & sufficient conditions a world must satisfy in order to admit the use of the scientific method.
We analyze the problem of comparing unitary transformations. The task is to decide, with minimal resources and maximal reliability, whether two given unitary transformations are identical or different. It is possible to make such…
The purpose of testing a system with respect to a requirement is to refute the hypothesis that the system satisfies the requirement. We build a theory of tests and refutation based on the elementary notions of satisfaction and refinement.…
This note uses a simple example to show how moment inequality models used in the empirical economics literature lead to general minimax relative efficiency comparisons. The main point is that such models involve inference on a low…
The ability to precisely derive mathematical objects is a core requirement for downstream STEM applications, including mathematics, physics, and chemistry, where reasoning must culminate in formally structured expressions. Yet, current LM…
In this study, we propose a two-stage procedure for hypothesis testing, where the first stage is conventional hypothesis testing and the second is an equivalence testing procedure using an introduced Empirical Equivalence Bound. In 2016,…
The rating of items based on pairwise comparisons has been a topic of statistical investigation for many decades. Numerous approaches have been proposed. One of the best known is the Bradley-Terry model. This paper seeks to assemble and…
Evidential reasoning is cast as the problem of simplifying the evidence-hypothesis relation and constructing combination formulas that possess certain testable properties. Important classes of evidence as identifiers, annihilators, and…
This paper argues for reforming National Examination using a three prong approach and they are 1) monitoring examinations where issues of politics, practicality, security, fairness, accessibility etc. are addressed while enhancing test…
While model checking has often been considered as a practical alternative to building formal proofs, we argue here that the theory of sequent calculus proofs can be used to provide an appealing foundation for model checking. Since the…
The purpose of this survey is to present in a uniform way the notion of equivalence between strict $n$-categories or $(\infty,n)$-categories, and inside a strict $(n+1)$-category or $(\infty,n+1)$-category.