Related papers: Testing the equivalence principle: why and how?

This paper studies the problem of testing whether a system of linear equality and inequality constraints admits a solution when the coefficients of that system may have to be estimated. We show that a wide range of inferential questions in…

We consider the problem of hypotheses testing with the basic simple hypothesis: observed sequence of points corresponds to stationary Poisson process with known intensity. The alternatives are stationary self-exciting point processes. We…

Despite the increasing effectiveness of language models, their reasoning capabilities remain underdeveloped. In particular, causal reasoning through counterfactual question answering is lacking. This work aims to bridge this gap. We first…

In a context where most published articles are devoted to the development of "new methods", comparison studies are generally appreciated by readers but surprisingly given poor consideration by many scientific journals. In connection with…

Analogical proportions compare pairs of items (a, b) and (c, d) in terms of their differences and similarities. They play a key role in the formalization of analogical inference. The paper first discusses how to improve analogical inference…

We introduce equivalence testing procedures for linear regression analyses. Such tests can be very useful for confirming the lack of a meaningful association between a continuous outcome and a continuous or binary predictor. Specifically,…

We illustrate the concept of mathematical proof.

With an eye on developing a quantum theory of gravity, many physicists have recently searched for quantum challenges to the equivalence principle of general relativity. However, as historians and philosophers of science are well aware, the…

As more researchers have become aware of and passionate about algorithmic fairness, there has been an explosion in papers laying out new metrics, suggesting algorithms to address issues, and calling attention to issues in existing…

We develop a qualitative model of decision making with two aims: to describe how people make simple decisions and to enable computer programs to do the same. Current approaches based on Planning or Decisions Theory either ignore uncertainty…

The definitional equality of an intensional type theory is its test of type compatibility. Today's systems rely on ordinary evaluation semantics to compare expressions in types, frustrating users with type errors arising when evaluation…

Science about optimization methods is rapidly developing today. In machine learning, computer vision, biology, medicine, construction and in many other different areas optimization methods have vast popularity and they appear as important…

This paper develops a {\em qualitative} and logic-based notion of similarity from the ground up using only elementary concepts of first-order logic centered around the fundamental model-theoretic notion of type.

There is a useful counterpart of conformal prediction for e-values, called conformal e-prediction. Conformal prediction can serve as basis for testing the assumption of exchangeability, leading to conformal testing. Similarly, conformal…

The proof identity problem asks: When are two proofs the same? The question naturally occurs when one reflects on mathematical practice. The problem understandably can be seen as a challenge for mathematical logic, and indeed various…

In this work we study the applicability of the Equivalence Theorem, either for unitary models or within an effective lagrangian approach. There are two types of limitations: the existence of a validity energy window and the use of the…

Equivalence testing, a fundamental problem in the field of distribution testing, seeks to infer if two unknown distributions on $[n]$ are the same or far apart in the total variation distance. Conditional sampling has emerged as a powerful…

To identify statistically significant conclusions, it is proposed to simultaneously test hypotheses and alternatives. It is shown that, under the condition of free combination of hypotheses and alternatives, the closure method leads to…

We present a necessary and sufficient condition for a 3 by 3 matrix to be unitarily equivalent to a symmetric matrix with complex entries, and an algorithm whereby an arbitrary 3 by 3 matrix can be tested. This test generalizes to a…

The work argues the principle of equivalence to be a theorem and not a principle (in a sense of an axiom). It contains a detailed analysis of the concepts of normal and inertial frame of reference. The equivalence principle is proved to be…