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We investigate the generalized second law of thermodynamics (GSL) in generalized theories of gravity. We examine the total entropy evolution with time including the horizon entropy, the non-equilibrium entropy production, and the entropy of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-12-18 Shao-Feng Wu , Bin Wang , Guo-Hong Yang , Peng-Ming Zhang

All of the experiments supporting Einstein's Special Relativity Theory are also supportive of the Lorentz ether theory, or many other ether theories. However, a growing number of experiments show deviations from Einstein's Special…

Classical Physics · Physics 2011-09-14 Victor Otto de Haan

It is well known that Einstein General Relativity can be expressed covariantly in bi-metric spacetime, without the uncertainties which arise from the effects of gravitational energy-momentum pseudo-tensors. However the effect that the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Darryl J. Leiter , Stanley L. Robertson

We discuss the asymmetric sandwich theorem, a generalization of the Hahn-Banach theorem. As applications, we derive various results on the existence of linear functionals that include bivariate, trivariate and quadrivariate generalizations…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2015-05-30 Stephen Simons

Taking a hint from Dirac's large number hypothesis, we note the existence of cosmologically combined conservation laws that work to cosmologically long time. We thus modify Einstein's theory of general relativity with fixed gravitation…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-01-17 H. W. Peng

The famous Ham-Sandwich theorem states that any $d$ point sets in $\mathbb{R}^d$ can be simultaneously bisected by a single hyperplane. The $\alpha$-Ham-Sandwich theorem gives a sufficient condition for the existence of biased cuts, i.e.,…

In General Relativity, Birkhoff's theorem asserts that any spherically symmetric vacuum solution must be static and asymptotically flat. In this paper, we study the validity of Birkhoff's theorem for a broad class of modified gravity…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-11-07 Rajes Ghosh , Akash K Mishra , Avijit Chowdhury

Let A be an abelian variety over a number field k. We show that weak approximation holds in the Weil-Ch\^atelet group of A/k but that it may fail when one restricts to the n-torsion subgroup. This failure is however relatively mild; we show…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2015-12-18 Brendan Creutz

In this paper, we prove the Geometric Arveson-Douglas Conjecture for a special case which allow some singularity on $\partial{\mathbb{B}_n}$. More precisely, we show that if a variety can be decomposed into two varieties, each having nice…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2017-04-14 Ronald G. Douglas , Yi Wang

Einstein's theory of general relativity models the physical universe using spacetimes which satisfy Einstein's gravitational field equations. To date, Einstein's theory has been enormously successful in modeling observed gravitational…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-10-21 James Isenberg

Einstein's general theory of relativity is the standard theory of gravity, especially where the needs of astronomy, astrophysics, cosmology and fundamental physics are concerned. As such, this theory is used for many practical purposes…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-01-15 Slava G. Turyshev

In this note we prove a theorem on non-vacuum initial data for general relativity. The result presents a ``rigidity phenomenon'' for the extrinsic curvature, caused by the non-positive scalar curvature. More precisely, we state that in the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-08-31 Gabor Etesi

J. Rosenberg's $\mathbb{S}^1$-stability conjecture states that a closed oriented manifold $X$ admits a positive scalar curvature metric iff $X\times \mathbb{S}^1$ admits a positive scalar curvature metric $h$. As pointed out by J. Rosenberg…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2025-07-02 Steven Rosenberg , Jie Xu

We conjecture the following entropy bound to be valid in all space-times admitted by Einstein's equation: Let A be the area of any two-dimensional surface. Let L be a hypersurface generated by surface-orthogonal null geodesics with…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-02-03 Raphael Bousso

A method is presented to construct initial data for Einstein's equations as a superposition of a gravitational wave perturbation on an arbitrary stationary background spacetime. The method combines the conformal thin sandwich formalism with…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 Harald P. Pfeiffer , Lawrence E. Kidder , Mark A. Scheel , Deirdre Shoemaker

The Green-Griffiths-Lang conjecture stipulates that for every projective variety X of general type over C, there exists a proper algebraic subvariety of X containing all non constant entire curves f : C $\rightarrow$ X. Using the formalism…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2015-04-10 Jean-Pierre Demailly

The status of experimental tests of general relativity and of theoretical frameworks for analysing them is reviewed. Einstein's equivalence principle (EEP) is well supported by experiments such as the Eotvos experiment, tests of special…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-25 Clifford M. Will

Einstein's general theory of relativity is the standard theory of gravity, especially where the needs of astronomy, astrophysics, cosmology and fundamental physics are concerned. As such, this theory is used for many practical purposes…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-08-17 Slava G. Turyshev

The Green-Griffiths-Lang conjecture says that for every complex projective algebraic variety $X$ of general type there exists a proper algebraic subvariety of $X$ containing all nonconstant entire holomorphic curves $f:\mathbb{C} \to X$. We…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2015-09-17 Gergely Berczi

The status of experimental tests of general relativity and of theoretical frameworks for analysing them are reviewed. Einstein's equivalence principle (EEP) is well supported by experiments such as the E\"otv\"os experiment, tests of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Clifford M. Will